tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79914870402814643952024-03-18T02:47:55.357-07:00Rose Holley's Blog - views and news on digital libraries and archivesRose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-76835675261225314352022-05-19T03:35:00.003-07:002022-05-19T03:35:35.866-07:00Australians at War Film Archive- Project Stage 6 Completed-Full digital access.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqkUGDTnG50kT4IR7GK7MenMuM37GTAZmHgfBgF0aRWJOFTp2joDUBqJY1pBkJ7pCDhjNbQ9BKT8KpcHGPHiIHXEip-B8LCYlSlaiJTWmOzN_tn3CmtnLLUrGEbweXdbeofdQFkr90VDf4jigtm5O-KWvuEO9Q79ed3lE3CkxTKCIj77MHgzkCP3Noew/s855/aawfa%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="91" data-original-width="855" height="69" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqkUGDTnG50kT4IR7GK7MenMuM37GTAZmHgfBgF0aRWJOFTp2joDUBqJY1pBkJ7pCDhjNbQ9BKT8KpcHGPHiIHXEip-B8LCYlSlaiJTWmOzN_tn3CmtnLLUrGEbweXdbeofdQFkr90VDf4jigtm5O-KWvuEO9Q79ed3lE3CkxTKCIj77MHgzkCP3Noew/w640-h69/aawfa%201.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrekXBZENYJ3CLA1lhhO9HrFYFewS8PP_DbgjIsuD2YJBe7_ytIiHXpJUluDrAjGt5QwmDWWwyDsGUHo0PXz1eUcqGgtvC2HrFwTf0YtPV8GHed1J5WZP4ngH11NNnIMHcE55QDzlqh_NERFE8qlyf6uuyc9VbhTrPN40-8mOCBdqBhhCdjSher2jJtQ/s1399/aawfa2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="803" data-original-width="1399" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrekXBZENYJ3CLA1lhhO9HrFYFewS8PP_DbgjIsuD2YJBe7_ytIiHXpJUluDrAjGt5QwmDWWwyDsGUHo0PXz1eUcqGgtvC2HrFwTf0YtPV8GHed1J5WZP4ngH11NNnIMHcE55QDzlqh_NERFE8qlyf6uuyc9VbhTrPN40-8mOCBdqBhhCdjSher2jJtQ/w640-h368/aawfa2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">I just wanted to say how happy I am that the new website for the </span><a href="https://australiansatwarfilmarchive.unsw.edu.au/" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">Australians at War Film Archive </a><span style="text-align: left;">is now available. The Archive project is a collaboration between UNSW Canberra and the Department of Veteran Affairs. As project manager I have been honoured to work with a fantastic IT team who have helped realise the long-term vision of Michael Caulfield, the original instigator, project manager and film producer, 23 years ago, and still a great supporter of the Archive. </span></div><p>The migration into a newly developed content management system; transcoding of the digital files into new formats; and a complete re-write of the delivery public system means that the Australians at War Film Archive is preserved, accessible and usable in new ways. Researchers and family members of the interviewees can now search, view, save and download the interviews themselves, without needing mediation, help or permission from our team of archivists, which makes everyone happy. Michael Caulfield's vision of a national, open, freely accessible archive has reached the next level. We have been overwhelmed by the positive response from researchers and interviewee's relatives, particularly those family who have found their relatives interviews by surprise. One of the most useful new functions we added is the ability to easily make and save a clip. This has been widely used by museum curators for exhibitions, relatives for family events, school children for projects, and lecturers for presentations.</p><p>The archive project has spanned 23 years so far, and has involved over 500 project staff and 2,000 participants sharing their stories. The dedication and commitment of all is admirable. Having listened to several of the interviews and extracts, which often run for 5-9 hours each I am struck by the broad range and wealth of content, which was previously not easily accessible. It is wrong to assume the archive is only about war because of its branding and name. Recording the experiences of Australians in war and conflict was the driving force, but it is more accurate on reflection to say that the interview corpus covers the social history of Australia from Victorian times to present.</p><p>Interviewees describe in detail their lives, upbringing, families and places lived both before and after their war experiences. The most fascinating information is offered up to researchers as the interviewees chat away. One man described his early swimming exploits as a young lad in hand knitted swimwear, and in detail the meals his mother made him for tea when he went home afterwards. These interviews give snapshots of not only people, but also the places they grew up in, or passed through, with many small rural regional towns getting mentions. Each interview has a transcript which is full text searchable and synced to the audio and video recording. For example if you search on 'Queanbeyan' you will find 56 different interviewees describing their experiences in this town. It is good to hear some of their light hearted, fond memories from childhood and pre and post war as well as more difficult ones. It goes without saying that the war recollections are an invaluable original research resource for military historians, holding great depth and context, more so as time passes by. </p><p>I always describe the transcripts as being the 'gold' since they are what enable the full text search of the film/video/digital files. But more than this, the transcripts have had context and value added to the war recollections by a team of eminent historians over several years. We await with interest feedback from historians, researchers, authors and post graduate students on how they have used and interpreted the data. </p><p>If you want to know more about how the project was carried out from 1999 to now, who was involved, and how it was planned a <a href="https://australiansatwarfilmarchive.unsw.edu.au/about" target="_blank">longer overview</a> is now available. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVptfUKbNm42AZQl7TME1FiEZSJ-H4obpIMSOQBpaiCkpHRQGCWei825uRZ67utxeGdzu_oyBERfc_RnsfQf9BJWrh78jjM6NO2Yh7V99vB1pqfHxPjLu21_fhKU667BW_6AuCYnVNVeaBEQrk3ASDBeDyZZdAhxktZbrHtPeQ3kRbrq-oVjoIVQqT_A/s1260/aawfa3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="1260" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVptfUKbNm42AZQl7TME1FiEZSJ-H4obpIMSOQBpaiCkpHRQGCWei825uRZ67utxeGdzu_oyBERfc_RnsfQf9BJWrh78jjM6NO2Yh7V99vB1pqfHxPjLu21_fhKU667BW_6AuCYnVNVeaBEQrk3ASDBeDyZZdAhxktZbrHtPeQ3kRbrq-oVjoIVQqT_A/w640-h364/aawfa3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p> </p>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-91283307455520537492019-07-06T19:24:00.000-07:002019-07-06T19:24:16.770-07:00Tune Review of the NAA - ResponseIn my last post I outlined the <a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com/2019/06/please-help-national-archives-of.html" target="_blank">critical state of the National Archives of Australia</a>. The NAA are now under a 'functional and efficiency review' led by Dave Tune. The NAA Advisory Council has declared the inability of the NAA to fully meet its mandated functions. Details about the <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/tune-review.aspx" target="_blank">Tune Review </a>are on the NAA website. The appeal to clients and stakeholders of the NAA to express their viewpoints on what the future role of the NAA should be be, the current critical issues and recommendations for going forward has resulted in 65 responses. To read the public responses to the NAA Tune review, which are in the form of formal 2-4 page letters go to this page: <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/tune-review_submissions.aspx">http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/tune-review_submissions.aspx</a><br />
<br />
There is resounding negative feedback from clients about the difficulties in accessing archives; resounding affirmation from
researchers, historians and archivists that an open, effective democracy is reliant upon and should be supported by citizen's right of access to government records of significance; and resounding feedback from information and IT
professionals that the NAA are not currently up to the digital challenges of collecting, preserving and making accessible digital archives, do to long-standing under-funding which has led to a critical situation for staffing and ICT infrastructure.<br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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I publish below my official response to the Tune Functional and Efficiency Review. It is also worth reading the response of the Australian Society of Archivists, and Professor Peter Stanley.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Response
to the Tune ‘Functional and Efficiency Review’ of the National Archives of
Australia (NAA).</span></b><br />
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To:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>David Tune,
Independent Reviewer OAM PSM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Date: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>28 June 2019<o:p></o:p></div>
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From:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Response written by Rose Holley in
consultation with Dr Warwick Cathro,
and Eric Wainwright.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Together Warwick, Eric and I hold a great professional
interest in the effective operation of the National Archives of Australia. Over
the last ten years we have each successively committed more than two years of
our time working collaboratively with staff from NAA on high priority strategic
matters, ICT issues and projects. Together we have an in-depth strategic understanding
and working knowledge of the NAA physical and digital challenges and some ideas
for potential solutions to the issues. We met last week to pool our knowledge and
brainstorm the issues, in the spirit of helping and for the ‘common good’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We outline our professional opinions of the
key factors that need to be addressed, and how this can be done in terms of the
purpose, functions and role of the NAA. We thank you for this opportunity to
share our expertise. We acknowledge the difficult and stressful circumstances
that many of the NAA staff are now under and offer our support to them. We know
many of them to be truly dedicated and passionate about their roles. It is with
good intent and hopes for positive change that we respond to the call for help
from the NAA Advisory Council and offer our constructive recommendations on this
critical situation. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Relationships with the
NAA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Rose Holley<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Currently working in a formal partnership with
the NAA. As Special Collections Curator at UNSW manages custody and access to
the NAA John Howard Collection. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->An active member of the Australian Society of
Archivists networking with previous and current NAA archivists.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Previously NAA Director of Software
Implementation and Senior Project Manager 2012-2014. Managed a multi-million
dollar project to implement an audio-visual digital preservation and asset
management system at the NAA.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Is a ‘wannabe’ self-serve digital user of the
NAA collection with particular interest in finding and accessing the already
digitised ABC radio and TV Archives back to 1934. Would like to do this
remotely and digitally, but at present this is not possible.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Warwick Cathro<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Assistant Director General at NLA 1989-2011.
Worked closely with senior executives at NAA in 2009 and 2010 to develop a $147
million joint bid with NAA and NFSA to tackle the challenges of digital
collecting, preservation and access.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Eric Wainwright<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Deputy Director General at NLA 1988-1997. During
2011-2012 was an external consultant for NAA with his partner Dagmar Parer (NAA
Director 1989-2000, NAA consultant 2005-2014). Advised on strategies for
addressing key digital challenges of digital archiving and access.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Contents: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Summary
of Key Issues (Wainwright, Cathro, Holley perspective)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The
Tune Review Process and Communication<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Core
Purpose of a National Archive<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Vision,
Strategy, Leadership, Policy<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Physical
Buildings<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->IT
Infrastructure<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Organisational
Structure, Staffing and Project Management<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Changes
and Collaborations (Digitisation, Preservation, Collections, Systems, Storage,
Facilities)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Resource
Estimates<o:p></o:p></div>
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Appendix 1: Precis of Joint NLA, NFSA,
NAA Digital Deluge Funding Bid 2009<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“One of the
great ironies of the information age is that, while the late twentieth century
will undoubtedly have recorded more data than any other period in history, it
will also almost certainly have lost more information than any previous era.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexander Stille, Professor of Journalism
at Columbia University.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--></span><b><u><span style="color: #073763;">Summary of Key Issues (Wainwright,
Cathro, Holley perspective)</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After thoughtful and serious discussion Eric, Warwick and I are
unified in thinking that the major issues for the review team to consider are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Will the Review itself be able to address the
complexity of issues currently faced by the NAA, given the shortness of the
Review timeframe, its limited promotion, the lack of input from other
collecting institutions and interested parties, lack of international
comparisons, limited records/archives expertise on the Review support team and
no leading edge technology expertise within the NAA itself? Why is there no
apparent involvement of the Government’s Digital Transformation Office?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The reduction in NAA funding over many years, the
associated decline in records experience/expertise in middle to senior staff,
and an inability of the NAA to provide adequate searchable records for a high
proportion of its collections.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The inability of the NAA to secure adequate
capital funds for digital developments to address the issues of the move of all
agencies to digital record creation, web sites and database approaches,
technological obsolescence, and higher expectations regarding local and network
access amongst potential records users.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Limited influence and risk-aversion of the NAA
(and weakness of the present Archives Act) in overcoming the unwillingness of
Agencies/Departments to allocate adequate resources to enable the NAA to
collect records of long-term national significance (particularly those in
digital formats), and to provide user access within a reasonable timeframe.
This problem has been further exacerbated by recent amendments to the Archives
Act (which were not subject to public advice and show no understanding of
serious research access requirements), increased user charges re digitised
copies, and a general move in Government away from a presumption of open public
access to records.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lack of effective collaboration between the
NAA and other collecting institutions, which would allow sharing of
technologies, storage, expertise and more effective online user services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pressures (in part Government/political) on
the NAA to devote ever-increasing resources to family history tracing,
particularly related to military involvement, to the detriment of its general
support for Australian historical research and services to Commonwealth
government agencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u>The Tune Review Process and
Communication<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It has been alarming and discouraging that such a
significant and overdue review has gone ‘under the radar’ of many of the NAA key
stakeholders and clients. The Open Letter of appeal from the NAA Advisory
Council to give feedback for the review was placed on the NAA Facebook page on
14 June 2019, which is where we noticed it, and 2 weeks were then given for
people to provide feedback. The letter cannot be found on the NAA website and does
not appear to have been sent to all key stakeholders. There has been a brief
article in the Canberra Times about the review, which downplays it, but no
other media notice as far as we are aware. The very formal method of response
has perhaps alienated many average clients from being able to easily give a
viewpoint. It has not taken into account varying communication styles and
formats. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:</span></b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Before making
any decisions pro-actively seek input from the two major client groups:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>public users of records, and donor agencies.
This could be done by structured focus groups, workshops, and interviews. Have
an emphasis on questions that elicit responses about both the current and 20-30
year future expectations of clients. Consider that future requestors of records
may not be existing users now, either because they are currently unable to find
and get the records they want digitally, or their needs have not yet emerged.
In the future there may be a greater number of requests for born digital
records e.g. people requesting access to information held on themselves under
Freedom of Information laws.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The recent
legal changes that allow government collection of individual’s metadata from
phone, email, and social media accounts, including personal messages, GIS
locations etc. should be considered in this broader picture. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every Australian is potentially a client of
the NAA, from all walks of life and their viewpoints matter. How would a 20
year old expect to be accessing information about themselves in the year 2060
from NAA, and how much information about them would be held by then? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pro-actively identify
the NAA’s key stakeholders and clients.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If any of them have not provided feedback in this review, invite them
to. Have reasonable timelines and appropriate methods e.g. focus groups,
interviews. Include the 26 National Collecting Institutions (NLA, NFSA, AWM,
AIATSIS, etc.), State and Territory Libraries (NSLA), State and Territory
Archives, Australian Society of Archivists, Australian Library and Information
Association,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Council of Australian
University Libraries (CAUL), the ABC, Defence, and ASIO. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">As the review
progresses keep the process transparent. Include names of the review team, the
stakeholders consulted, and timelines and progress on a website. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Provide key collecting institutions and major clients with
a draft of the final review for consideration and comment before public
release, including NLA, NFSA, AIATSIS, AWM, ABC and Defence. </span><b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk12229552"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u>Core Purpose of a National Archive<o:p></o:p></u></b></a></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk12229552;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
The core purpose of the National Archives of Australia is to
collect, preserve and make accessible the significant government records of our
nation (Records of National Significance).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is achieved by having an ongoing relationship with government
agencies during their active use of internal records (records management),
which then flows into eventual deposit of some records of national significance
(archives). Records encompass ‘information’, ‘data’ and ‘metadata’, and can be
physical, digitised or ‘born digital’. Traditionally many were paper, but there
is also a large amount of audio-visual e.g. film and radio and old data formats
e.g. floppy discs. Much of the ‘born digital’ will be emails, or social media
formats. The NAA are mandated to collect and preserve our nation’s records with
a far larger scope than that of any other institution, and at a time in history
when more records are being created than ever before. However are the NAA
actually collecting the significant records/databases/datasets, and how can the
public tell? Does the Archives Act adequately set out the core purposes for a
modern archive? Should there be an external advisory committee dealing with
collecting policies/matters that is accountable or representative of the two
client user groups: government agencies (200+); and public users for example
university researchers and family historians?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When budget is tight there is not an option to reduce the
scope of collecting, or prevent access to the collections, without breaking the
mandate. There will be significant gaps and loss of irreplaceable government
information if this happens. The NAA should hold a vast historical corpus of
data, which if mined could be of great economic, scientific, creative and
political value to the country. This includes the ABC Archives back to 1934,
war and service records of all Australians, weather and climate records, Prime
Minister’s and cabinet records. The power of information cannot be
under-estimated. For example records recently used for matters of national
importance include: cyber-security, sexual abuse, rights of aboriginals, and climate
change. Our constitution and the Archives Act supports and enforces citizens’
rights of access to information and data about ourselves, our society, our
culture, our politics and our social history. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:</span></b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Do not compromise,
lessen or reduce in scope the core principles and powers that enable unfettered
independent collection of government records of national significance; long
term preservation; and citizens’ rights of free access to records because of
the challenges faced. Archives are the backbone of a democratic and open
society. The Government must take whatever action necessary to restore public
confidence and resource these functions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Clarify if the
NAA is actually collecting the nationally significant
records/databases/datasets and how the public would know this.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review if the
1983 Archives Act sets out the core purposes for a modern archive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Consider if
there should be an independent external advisory </span><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">body which separately advises the relevant Minister(s) on
all matters relating to records and archives, including FOI/public interest
issues, collecting policies and matters? For example like the UK Advisory
Council on National Records and Archives.</span><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk12229602"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--></span><b><u><span style="color: #073763;">Vision, Strategy, Leadership, Policy</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></a></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk12229602;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The NAA has a </span><a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/accountability/corporate-plan/2018-19-to-2021-22.aspx"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Corporate
Plan 2018/19-2021/22</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, an </span><a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/accountability/archives_2020_strategic_plan/index.aspx"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Archives
2020 Strategic Plan</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, a </span><a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/information-management/digital-transition-and-digital-continuity/digital-continuity-2020/index.aspx"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Digital
Continuity 2020 Policy</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, and is the lead agency for the Government’s </span><a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/information-management/digital-transition-and-digital-continuity/digital-transition-policy/index.aspx"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Digital
Transition Policy</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Recently it has just released an </span><a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/accountability/naa-it-strategy/index.aspx"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">IT
Strategic Direction 2019-2022</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. However, these are very short term plans and
seem often devoid of detail for accountability, and for enabling an assessment
of current collecting and access strategies and their achievement. The contrast
with the UK National Archives current Digital Strategy is noteworthy. While the
NAA has produced many useful guides for Agency records policies and practices,
the results of the most recent </span><a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/naaresources/dc2020-reports/2018Check-UpPLUS-Whole-of-Government.pdf"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Check-up
Plus survey</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> suggests a very limited success in implementation across agencies
as a whole. </span>There appears to be a lack of forward visioning for where
the NAA needs to be in the medium to long-term (5-30 years’ time, i.e. 2050)
and what it needs to get there. Clearly effort has been focused on successive
‘annual checkup surveys’ of recordkeeping activities of 160 agencies for the
last few years, and producing the digital transition, digital continuity and ‘<a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/accountability/operations-and-preservation/records-disposal-in-archives-custody-following-digitisation-policy.aspx">digitise
and disposal’</a> policies. Beyond offering general advice that information
should be valued and managed digitally, these policies seem largely
ineffectual. There is a lack of public visibility about planned programs of
digitisation and how these are selected and prioritised.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Warwick, Eric, myself, other collecting agencies, professional
peers and consultants have given significant time, ideas and advice to the NAA
over the last ten years as they transitioned into a critical state. It seems
there were long running internal systemic issues which still have not been
addressed, for reasons not known to us, despite our close connections with the
NAA. Since about 2005 there has been a concerning lack of benchmarking or
attempt to lead or follow international best archiving practice or services
(with the exception of <a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com/2012/11/"><span style="color: windowtext;">the Hive</span></a> project). The NAA is no longer on
a par with the UK or US national archives.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:</span></b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Find out how
other International Archives are addressing the digital challenges of
collecting, preserving and access, and what are their budgets, legislative and
operational frameworks? Consult with exemplar International Archives e.g. Norway,
Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, UK and the USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review the
role, makeup and operation of the NAA Advisory Council and executive leaders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Devote
resources to developing a 30 year vision and strategy, building on previous
work done, so that realistic resources and cost for achieving the vision can be
budgeted for.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Undertake an
audit of all NAA Policies and Procedures (similar to that carried out in 2011
Wainwright Report Appendix 2). Review their effectiveness, relevance, overlap,
public and agency visibility, and consistency of style and writing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pro-actively
seek feedback from ex and current staff, in a confidential, no blame
environment to help the review team discover why things have happened in the
way they have, so this can be prevented from re-occurring in the future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review the
strategy for digitisation, and public visibility of the selection and
prioritisation of records being planned for digitisation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Members of the
review panel or any taskforce subsequently appointed must read relevant internal
and external documents previously written about developing strategies to
overcome the NAA digital challenges and improve services. Some example reports
are listed below where most of the recommendations were never actioned and
would still be relevant today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="color: #2e74b5;">·</span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #2e74b5;"> </span><span style="color: #741b47;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #741b47;">ICT Business
Case: Dealing with the Digital Deluge. Exposure Draft 2009 led by Warwick
Cathro, NLA. Joint proposal to Government by NAA, NFSA and NLA for $147 million
over 5 years to address shared critical issues of digital collecting,
preservation, and access. If granted aim to complete by 2020. (Not approved). Executive Summary. Precis at Appendix 1.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Strategic
Directions for Digital Archiving at the NAA. 2011. Eric Wainwright. Options for
a 20 year strategy to 2031. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->External Review of RecordSearch (NAA online users
experience and expectations vs actual experience) by APIS Group? 2011?
Recommendations for major improvements. (not actioned).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->External Review of RecordSearch Usability. By Usability
One. 2012?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Access to Digital
Records Scoping Study for NAA. Eric Wainwright and Dagmar Parer. 2012. Recommendations
for addressing issues, including RecordSearch and developing forward strategy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Access Clearance
Taskforce 2013 to tackle issues and backlog. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Not publicly available). <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->External Review of
NAA Access Clearance Issues, with recommendations. 2016 by Paul O’Sullivan OA
CNZM <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Not publicly available).</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dealing
with the Digital Deluge- Ten Challenges for GLAM’s 2012, Holley,
R.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The proposed
Australian National Cultural Policy 2012- an overview for GLAM’s 2012,
Holley,R.(Includes summarised responses from 200 agencies on what a National
Cultural Policy should enable and resource).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The
Australian National Cultural Policy released 2013: an overview of ‘Creative
Australia’ for GLAM’s, 2013, Holley,R.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">An Innovation Study: Challenges and Opportunities for Australia’s
Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums</span><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <em><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-style: normal;">CSIRO and Australian Centre for Broadband Innovation: 2014.</span></em></span>
Mansfield,
T., Winter, C., Griffith, C., Dockerty, A., Brown, T. Sets out a vision to
2035.<em><span style="background: white; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-style: normal;">
</span></em></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--></span><b><u><span style="color: #073763;">Physical Buildings</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The NAA has physical locations in every state, with two
locations in Canberra. The NAA does not own any buildings but rents them. There
are specialised requirements for reading rooms, repositories, conservation
labs, server rooms, digital archives, exhibition spaces and community rooms
which are not easily achieved in standard rented office space. Ideally
locations should be easily accessible to the public with parking. Currently
there are 350 linear kilometres of physical records to be stored, with between
100 -1000 km waiting to be deposited. For more than ten years considerable
staff time and budget has been spent planning for office moves, hiring new and
often unsuitable premises, re-fitting rented premises, and re-locating archives
and premises. This is not efficient or effective use of public money. It
diverts energies from core archival business, into worrying about where and
when the next move will be, with little control of this. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There have been unexpected notices to vacate rented
premises which have caused considerable stress to archives staff and extreme
inconvenience to clients. For example most recently the move of the Canberra
reading room from the building in Parkes to MOAD. The reading room in MOAD is too
small for demand and does not have enough space to store records for client
repeat visits. The new archives building at Mitchell which opened two years
ago, is not owned by the archives and does not have a reading room, exhibition
space, or public venue facility. It is smaller than the previous 3 rented
premises which meant all the records could not be re-located into it, and there
is no space for future expansion. Despite this the NAA have spent more than $50
million fitting it out to their specific requirements. Logic dictates that the
NAA should own suitable premises, that meet current and future needs. This
would give stability and assurance in the future. This is now a great
opportunity for Australia to set an international example of creating an iconic
Archives buildings fit for the 21<sup>st</sup> century that meet the needs and
expectations of clients as well as staff. Regardless of how many records are available
online there is a need for ambient spaces that inspire research and reflection,
and are digitally connected and equipped. There is lots of existing research
into expectations of clients for library/archives buildings and spaces and
fantastic international examples of wonderful architecturally designed
buildings to inspire. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:</span></b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Enable
government ownership of NAA buildings in each state. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Ensure that NAA
buildings are fit for purpose, big enough, and designed to meet the current and
future expectations of clients.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Consider the
opportunity to build a state of the art, architecturally designed archives that
will be internationally recognised.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk12229656"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--></span><b><u><span style="color: #073763;">IT Infrastructure</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></a></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk12229656;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
The NAA has an inefficient network infrastructure, barely
fit for purpose. The digital expectations of staff and clients cannot be met, for
example the network is chronically slow with varying connectivity between
offices for basic tasks such as email. With no high speed network and limited server
and storage capacity, workflows in the state of the art enterprise audio-visual
digital preservation system are not fully used. Even though the software has
the functionality, it is not currently possible for the ABC to digitally
deposit online their born digital archives, or for the public to digitally
stream from home the retrospectively digitised ABC Archives. For example a
client will have to make contact with a member of staff, ask them to search for
items, if digitised staff<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>download them
from a server, copy to a DVD, then ask the client to physically visit the
Sydney office to listen/watch from a DVD in the reading room. There is limited
resource and inadequate IT infrastructure to address the audio-visual
obsolescence challenges and migration pathways of digital media. No government
department is actively and regularly depositing born digital files to NAA as
far as we can tell. In the ideal future the NAA would be operating like a vast
computer super data centre, with high speed networks, to ingest, store,
reformat and deliver giant amounts of data to potentially millions of people. Data
analysis and mining will be key. It is questionable whether the NAA has the IT
expertise to develop or run an advanced IT infrastructure. It is noteworthy
that the NAA first set up a detailed examination of its future IT
infrastructure/digital requirements in relation to its Digital Preservation
Strategy at least as early as 2000 and so was a forerunner in this and in
establishing a Digital Archive prototype. But not much seems to have advanced
since then.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The view that IT are just a regular service section, who
support the email system and desktops needs to be changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In order for the NAA to go forward into the
world of born digital archives, great technical knowledge and high level
digital dexterity must be spread throughout all sections of the organisation,
with a significant amount of IT experts who also understand the core business
of digital archiving, big data centres, and data analytics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Current efforts of existing staff to scope
digital system requirements both for digital archiving solutions and client
find and get interfaces may not lead to the best outcomes. Attempts to buy an
‘off the shelf’ ‘best in breed’ system are somewhat unrealistic, when they are
not known to exist. Significant internal development resource is likely needed.
RecordSearch, the public catalogue has not met client expectations for many
years and multiple internal and external reviews have suggested an overhaul,
upgrade and replacement. Its metadata is not discoverable by Google or Trove,
and no records can be bookmarked or persistently linked to by clients. It is
unclear what software is used by other national archives. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Equivalent relevant data businesses like
Google, FindMyPast, Ancestry.com, the Church of Latter Day Saints and Facebook
can be learnt from in how they run their large scale IT operations, data ingest
and analytics, digitisation facilities, and search interfaces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:</span></b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Learn from
exemplars that have efficient and effective large scale digitisation centres,
IT infrastructures, data centres, service delivery models and search portals
e.g. Google, Ancestry.Com, FindmyPast, Church of Latter Day Saints.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Evaluate and consider applying similar IT
solutions to the NAA IT issues.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Develop plans
and resourcing for how to address the inadequacies of the NAA IT
infrastructure, network, servers and storage, and what expertise and staffing
is needed to build and maintain an advanced IT infrastructure. Ideally a super
high speed data centre style infrastructure is needed now and into the future. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Develop a
strategy to address the audio-visual obsolescence challenge and digital
preservation data migration requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Research what
software is used for an online public client search portal at leading
international archives, Ancestry.Com and FindmyPast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Make recommendations for how to replace or
upgrade RecordSearch with a state of the art online public search portal that
meets client expectations:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo24; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">able to find and get records online regardless of the
records format or physical location<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo24; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">be intuitive, fast, free, easy to use<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Take a
‘user-centric’ approach to online discovery of records. Directly and
pro-actively involve public clients and government agencies in the development,
implementation and testing of an online public search portal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk12229674" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: #073763;"><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b></span><b><u><span style="color: #073763;">Organisational Structure, Staffing and
Project Management</span></u></b></a></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk12229674;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
The NAA has a diffused organisational structure, with some
responsibilities being managed locally in offices, and some centralised
nationally or a combination of both. Due to network and staff deficiencies
often what happens in practice does not match the organisational structure.
Digitisation is a good example. This is being done locally and nationally, and
also managed in two different divisions, with a multitude of different
standards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is often difficult
therefore for staff, external stakeholders and clients to make contact with the
right person, and get clear answers to digitisation questions e.g. to what
standard should I digitise this? There have been at least three minor/major
changes to organisation functional areas in the last few years. Combined with a
slow but constant reduction in total number of staff due to government cuts,
loss of expert staff through voluntary redundancies or resignation, and new senior
appointments that lack archival and records management knowledge, there is a
significant skill gap at the NAA (digital archivists, IT professionals, project
managers, business analysts and conservators), with future skills needs being
unknown. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The level of staffing appears
to be significantly under that required for scope of work. The extent of
records to be deposited far exceeds the collecting scope of the National
Library.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The amount of digital records are
exponentially increasing, and are in addition to the ongoing management of paper
records and retrospective digitisation. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The NAA has been attempting to tackle some significant
projects over the last few years, without additional funding or staff, and
generally has moved existing staff onto large projects rather than recruiting
project managers or specialist staff. This has compromised service operations
and also led to a high rate of project failure. The projects needed to
re-establish the NAA as a leader in the field are highly complex,
inter-related, co-dependant, span across multiple locations and are likely to
take some time e.g. the procurement/development of an archives management
system, a digital preservation archive, upgrade of network, storage and
servers, and potentially moving buildings and records again. It is questionable
if the current multi-million dollar procurement project for a digital archive
is/will be effective in this environment, despite being much needed and overdue.
There is no public information on the website about the status or progress of
the Digital Archives Program/Taskforce and how or if this relates to the
Digital Archive prototype project from 2000. Have they all stopped or failed?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:</span></b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review the
existing organisational structure. Ensure that staff, stakeholders and clients
have good understanding of and visibility about roles and responsibilities, and
that the structure meets needs through a period of change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Undertake a
workforce planning exercise to identify number of staff, roles required and
current and future gaps over the next ten years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recruit
internationally so that the most skilled and innovative people in the world can
be employed to tackle the challenges. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review
appropriate salary levels, especially for IT roles in order to attract and
retain high calibre staff.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Establish a
program management office with experienced project managers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Establish a position
responsible for co-ordinating, reviewing, writing and managing policies and
procedures to ensure a quality level of governance, consistency, effectiveness
and style and monitoring the provision of documents to agencies and the public.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Ensure current
and future staff are trained and recruited for their leadership skills, and can
demonstrate leadership at all levels, so that united they can help lead the
organisation out of critical state and into effective operation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--></span><b><u><span style="color: #073763;">Changes and Collaborations (Digitisation,
Preservation, Collections, Systems, Storage, Facilities)</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are significant issues to be addressed which may
require significant changes to legislation and agency responsibilities. Currently
64% of the NAA collection is not discoverable by clients because it is not
described at item (file) level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although
2 million items have been digitised over the last 15 years this only amounts to
5% of the collection and there are 39 million items not digitised. Other
institutions internationally are aiming for 100% digitisation e.g. Norway,
Finland. Although the NAA has made considerable investment in developing
audio-visual digitisation labs and software, there is extremely limited staff
expertise in this field with experts moving between ABC, NFSA, and NAA and many
now retired. It doesn’t seem viable for each institution to set up audio-visual
centres of excellence. It is not clear to many clients why there are multiple
government institutions that hold big collections of film and audio records:
the NFSA, NAA, AIATSIS, and NLA and they have to visit each in turn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also perhaps frustrating for some
researchers that they have to visit both the AWM and the NAA to get
commonwealth war records. A more recent arrangement to give custody of a Prime
Minister’s records to UNSW is interesting, invoking for the first time ‘section
64’ of the Archives Act, which allows the NAA to give custody of its records to
other people. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The physical size of the NAA collection is vast at 350
linear kilometres, but small compared to the amount of active records still
being held by agencies, which is about 1000 kilometres at <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/naaresources/dc2020-reports/2018Check-UpPLUS-Whole-of-Government.pdf">last
NAA survey</a>. Another difficulty is the NAA being unsure how many of these
will become records of national significance. They conservatively estimate
6-10%. The same survey indicates that there are 128,000 TB of digital data held
by agencies with perhaps 3% being records of national significance. The
unresolved issues of how to digitally transfer, archive, access clear and make
public this data seem complex, costly and overwhelming. The NAA has embedded
workflows geared towards paper archival processes which are largely irrelevant
for digital. With the perceived lack of digitally experienced and IT focused staff,
combined with lack of resource over many years NAA is now backed into a corner.
If this was a business it would have gone bankrupt due to its lack of
transition to client expectations and needs. We provide some ideas to resolve
issues by institutional collaborations, innovation and technology.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review ‘shared
custody’ of national archives. Should this now be extended to allow agencies
other than AWM and UNSW to manage NAA records? If so how will the shared
agencies be funded e.g. cost per linear metre of records? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Give custody of
NAA Commonwealth personal war records to AWM so that both the official <u>and</u>
personal war records are held in one institution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Transfer the
responsibility of web archiving from NAA (who are mandated to collect but not
able to do so) to NLA who currently are web archiving. Investigate partnerships
to mirror/backup with the </span><a href="https://archive.org/">Internet
Archive</a><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Give custody of
NAA audio-visual records to the NFSA (and also those of NLA and AIATSIS?). This
would enable the expertise, equipment and staff to be centralised so that
challenges of digitisation and audio-visual obsolescence can be more efficiently
and effectively tackled, with competition for and duplication of AV experts,
specific and costly historic and state of the art equipment ending.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">The ABC Archive
is a precious national historical resource. Other agencies have a stake in it
(for example, its metadata should be in Trove and it is vital that the content
be preserved). Organise a conference of all stakeholders, led by the ABC itself
to discuss how these outcomes can be assured. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review the
digitisation and rights issues with ABC Archives and find a path to enabling
free public online access to the digitised archives from 1934-1990 (in a
similar way that the UK BBC Archive is available). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Put the ‘</span><a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/accountability/operations-and-preservation/records-disposal-in-archives-custody-following-digitisation-policy.aspx">digitise
and disposal’</a><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> policy on hold until the NAA are able to long-term preserve digital
files. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Develop state
of the art, highly automized, robotic, centralised ‘super centres’ that are
shared facilities between agencies for cultural heritage items including:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Digitisation centre for audio-visual (For NFSA, NAA, AWM,
NLA)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Digitisation centre for paper<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Physical storage for paper/archives/records. (160 agencies
are currently outsourcing storage of 1700km records + NAA, NLA, AWM have
approx. 500km of content in storage).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">data storage centre for current born digital data that will
become archives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">data archive and long-term preservation for digitised and
sentenced data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Assess
feasibility and cost of digitising 100% of NAA records and making them <u>full-text
searchable</u> (currently digitised records are not full-text searchable).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Provide funding
to describe and make publicly available the 64% of the hidden physical NAA
archive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Access
clearance issues: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Address the backlog and provide a fixed compensation fee to
clients who have been waiting over the agreed times of the Archives Act prior
to the 25 April 2019 amendment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Reverse the recent 25 April 2019 amendments to the Archives
Act which significantly increase the waiting times of clients from months to
years; discourage use of archives for research assignments and group study; and
reduce the ability of the client to question response times.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Have a risk managed approach to access clearance, rather
than a risk averse/conservative approach. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Place new requirements on agencies to access clear records
within a clearly specified and short timeline for example three months. If any
agency fails to respond within the timeframe then the records will automatically
deemed to be cleared and provided to the client (risk managed approach).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Ensure there is ‘how to’ training, procedures and guidance
in place for agencies on access clearance, and a NAA helpline to call for
advice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Make completely transparent through a client portal the
progress through the workflow (like a parcel delivery).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Place responsibility of keeping the client informed on the NAA,
rather than the client having to follow up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Change the manual process of inspection i.e. a person has
to read every page of every record into a fully or semi-automated digital
process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 35.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Consider Rose Holley’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘Operation
Bumble Bee’ </i>idea of<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>Artificial Intelligence
(AI) Access Clearance. In summary: For paper records that have clearly typed
text first digitise them and apply optical character recognition (OCR) to make
them full text searchable. Ideally this method of digitisation should be used
anyway, but is not currently being done by NAA. Run the OCR output files
through a customised Artificial Intelligence (AI) Access Clearance Programme. This
would look for specific <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘buzz’</i> words
within certain sequences or within proximity to other words and if buzz words
are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>not</u></i> found the records
would be automatically cleared for public access and made available in a public
search portal. If the buzz words were found then the records would be
automatically uploaded into an enhanced version of the existing </span><a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com/2012/11/">NAA Crowdsourcing platform</a><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘<a href="http://transcribe.naa.gov.au/" target="_blank">TheHive’</a></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">, </span></i><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">available only to agencies
and NAA staff. Agencies would be prompted to login to the Hive to process
records for access clearance. This would enable a combination approach of
automation and human checking by eye, with transcription of hand written notes.
Agency staff would see the highlighted buzz words in the records, redact them
if appropriate, and make access decisions. After this the records would then
either automatically load to a public search portal if access cleared, or be
held in a retention period for review again by the agency in x years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.85pt;">
<span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">The artificial intelligence access
clearance ‘Bumble Bee’ program could also be applied to all the ‘born digital’
records, enabling fast, effective, automatic access clearance in the future.
Combining OCR, AI and human transcription would also make historic NAA records
full text searchable for clients and enable data mining of a huge corpus. This
would enable researchers to make new discoveries that bring social, scientific
and economic benefits to the nation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Note: Australia is unique in the
international archive world for accepting all records, before they have been
selected as records of national significance or de-classified, and then only
trying to answer these questions when the record is requested by a client. This
is seen either as an unworkable inefficient model, or potentially very
progressive. It should therefore be reviewed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">To prevent future access clearance
issues:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Require all agencies to de-classify records before
depositing them with NAA (digital and physical).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Identify and select records of national significance at
time of deposit, rather than accepting everything and trying to decide which
records are significant and should be retained later. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review all
current business process workflows for paper and digital records with a view to
identifying and resolving the issues upstream, that cause the downstream issues
e.g. access clearance wait times<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Take a user
centric approach and significantly enhance both the public client and the donor
agency user experience. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Train all NAA
staff in brainstorming and then run brainstorming sessions for all staff in the
NAA at all locations to gather ideas about how the issues can be resolved. Some
of the issues and workflows are very complex and best brainstormed by staff who
fully understand them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--></span><b><u><span style="color: #073763;">Resource Estimates</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is very clear that the NAA requires both a significant
injection of capital budget and ongoing recurrent investments if it is to have
any viable chance of meeting its currently legislated responsibilities. The substantial
investment required needs to be considered in terms of: the major economic
benefits and business advantages a digital archive would bring to the nation;
the aspirations of the government to rise in world rankings for freedom and
openness (reliant upon open data); and on the innovation and creativity that
will likely occur if 100% of the collection is digitised. It is noted that it
was an election commitment of the Liberal government in May 2019 to provide <a href="https://www.liberal.org.au/our-plan-respect-and-support-veterans-and-their-families">funding
to digitise all WW2 records</a>. It is our expectation that the NAA would have
consistently provided recommendations to government for capital funding bids
over the last fifteen years, particularly for the upgrade/replacement of
RecordSearch, and a Digital Archive, and that the NAA will be making its own response
to the Tune Review, outlining the operational resources it needs. We understand
the NAA currently has approximately 350 staff across 8 offices and an <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/accountability/budget/index.aspx">operating
budget</a> of <b>$95 million</b>. We provide some very general estimates and
examples of funding granted for similar purposes to those now needed, that we
hope will help inform members of the review panel, and support NAA requests. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Estimates for NAA Collection:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Critical injection to address immediate NAA IT
infrastructure and systems gap (2009 Digital Deluge Bid) $26 million<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Digitisation of AV and addressing obsolescence
challenge $50 million<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Description of whole collection at item level
(26 million physical items) $52 million <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Digitisation of whole collection (39 million
paper items, using NLA $2 per page costings) $2.3 billion<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Funding Granted to similar projects:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->2009: US National Archives (NARA) $795 million
to ‘go digital’<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->2009: Netherlands film and sound archives $252
for audio-visual obsolescence challenge<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->2006-2010 New Zealand Archives and Library $40
million for digital preservation system<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->2016: State Library of New South Wales $40 million
to replace digital infrastructure and digitise<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->2018: CSIRO $43 million for new building to
house national collections e.g. insects<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->2019: AWM $500 million for extension to public
galleries<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Recommendations:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Review the
operating budget of the NAA against its expected functions and take into
account the lack of ownership of buildings (budget required to rent, move and
fit out premises, and staff time to plan and resource), physical location in
each state, mandated scope of collecting and activities, proportion of IT staff
required. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e74b5; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Provide
stimulus funding to the NAA to move them from critical into stable state,
particularly for IT infrastructure, public search portal and digital archive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">Appendix 1:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">PRECIS OF JOINT
NLA, NAA, NFSA ‘DIGITAL DELUGE’ FUNDING BID 2009<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">In
2009/10 the National Archives of Australia, in collaboration with the National
Library of Australia (NLA) and the National Film and Sound Archive (NFSA),
submitted a funding bid under the title “Dealing with the Digital Deluge”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bid was supported by a cost-benefit
analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">The
bid sought funding to allow the three agencies to fulfil their legislative
mandates in an environment where records are now in digital form, and to
respond to these four challenges:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">the digital collecting challenge</span></i><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">:
providing robust infrastructure to collect and store “born digital” content<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">the digital preservation challenge</span></i><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">: preserving digital content for long term access in the face of
technical obsolescence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">the audiovisual obsolescence challenge</span></i><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">: migrating very large audiovisual collections to digital format
to rescue them from obsolescence which will render them inaccessible<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">the digital access challenge</span></i><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">:
converting traditional content into digital form, and delivering digital
content to make it easily accessible to the Australian people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span class="Style12ptItalic"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span class="Style12ptItalic"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 107%;">The funding bid identified that the NAA lacked:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 110%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">an IT infrastructure capable of managing high
volumes of digital records of archival value<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the capacity to ingest, preserve
and store digital records up to Top Secret classification<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the ability to process records
created in a variety of native file formats, including formats that are now
obsolete<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">off-site digital backup facilities
to ensure fast recovery and business continuity in the event of a disaster.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the capacity to preserve at-risk
analogue video collections.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a digital asset management system
which integrates with RecordSearch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo19; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the capability to digitise paper
records at volumes sufficient to meet user needs, including the staff numbers
required to process access clearances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Many of these IT capability gaps
are likely to still exist, a decade after that funding bid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">The funding bid identified the
modules of work that need to be undertaken in order to address these gaps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It estimated the funding needed to meet the
NAA’s most critical challenges of preserving the collections amounted to $26M
over five years, and $5.3M per year thereafter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Substantially higher funding of $147 million was needed to meet all four
of the challenges set out above.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The funding bid identified the
following opportunities for the NAA to collaborate with the NLA and the NFSA:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK5"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK4"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">Establish a
joint Digital Preservation Taskforce, in order to develop and share innovative
approaches, tools and processes for preserving digital records<o:p></o:p></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">Establish a
joint, distributed disaster management and backup storage arrangement<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">Establish
joint contracts for video and audio preservation, led by the NFSA<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">Establish a
joint Legacy Formats Facility, led by the NLA, to support the ingest and
management of digital collections which are received as files stored on
physical carriers that are now obsolete.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 110%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">Establish a
joint web harvesting activity, led by th</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; line-height: 110%;">e NLA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-21678376993137115552019-06-21T21:24:00.000-07:002019-06-21T21:43:07.376-07:00Please help! National Archives of Australia in dire straits<span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14.6667px;">Please help the National Archives of Australia (NAA). Their future is in jeopardy. The <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/advisory-council/index.aspx" target="_blank">NAA Advisory Council</a> have put an open letter to the public on the NAA Facebook page saying they are in dire straits. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px;">NAA appeal to their clients and stakeholders to help them. In a very serious situation t</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">he NAA are no longer fully functioning or able to fully meet their legal mandate as laid out in the Archives Act. They have therefore been placed into a 'Functional and Efficiency Review'. This is being carried out by David Tune, who recently finished the review of aged care in Australia. The <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/tune-review.aspx" target="_blank">Tune Review</a> asks for public response to some key questions: Is the NAA is still needed, what are the issues , how do you think they should be fixed, what sort of NAA do you think should exist in the future? Further details about how to give your viewpoint and to read other responses (all of which are made public) are on the <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/tune-review.aspx" target="_blank">NAA website</a>. The review has largely gone unnoticed, and therefore only a few responses received so far. The deadline for responses is now extended to Sunday 30 June, so there is very little time to write one. Just endorse the basics, or the big picture view if you are rushed. My viewpoint is - yes we need a national archive to collect and preserve the official history of our nation, and it is the right of every citizen to be able to access this archive and government records. Preferably online and for free. Government - do what it takes to achieve this. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">The NAA holds records from every government department that cover our social, economic, political and scientific history including:</span></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">The ABC Archives back to 1934</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">War and service records of all Australians</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">Weather and climate records of Australia</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">Prime Ministerial and Cabinet Records.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #201f1e; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></span></span>
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Transcript of Letter:</div>
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A message from the Chair of the National Archives of Australia Advisory Council, Dr Denver Beanland:</div>
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TO VALUED STAKEHOLDERS AND USERS OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF AUSTRALIA</div>
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The Advisory Council for the National Archives of Australia performs a critical independent role within the broad overall governance of the National Archives. Its principal functions are to provide advice to the Minister and to the Director-General on matters that relate to the functions, operations, strategic priorities and policy framework of the National Archives, to ensure it delivers on its legislated mandate and enduring, fundamental and unique role for government and the Australian people.</div>
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The National Archives of Australia ensures that Australians have access to the authentic evidence of the decisions and actions of government – preserved in the collection which represents the memory of our<br />
nation. The records of the Commonwealth, collected since Federation, are the primary source references upon which successive generations of Australians can make fresh observations of past events and interpret for themselves the story of Australia, its identity, its values and its people. It also holds many important records documenting the individual and collective histories of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and their contributions to the identity and history of this nation.</div>
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The National Archives is the largest archival institution in Australia. It is the only integrity and cultural institution with public research centres and facilities in every state and territory capital city. The Advisory Council recognises that the National Archives is a respected leader of its field. Through its liaison and<br />
collaboration with the national, regional and international archival community, it makes a substantial contribution to the continued evolution of the role and capability of archives everywhere, enhancing digital information management and preservation capability in agencies in the digital age.</div>
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Over recent years, the Advisory Council has become increasingly concerned by the serious deterioration in the funding position of the National Archives, leaving it facing the prospect of being unable to meet its legislated requirements. Savings measures such as successive efficiency dividends imposed upon the National Archives have substantially diminished its capacity to perform its functions and to deliver services to the Australian Government and to the Australian public in the digital age. It has also placed some parts of the archival collection at risk; most notably the unique, audio-visual records held on magnetic tape which require immediate digitisation to avoid loss through obsolescence.</div>
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The perilous budget position has also seriously set back the essential digital transformation of the National Archives, resulting in inadequate digital capability and cyber vulnerabilities. It is leaving the already digitised and contemporary born-digital records of the decisions and activities of government, both those held by the National Archives and those held by government entities, exposed to compromise, obsolescence or loss.</div>
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The Advisory Council has made representations to government on these matters. In response, the Attorney-General, resolved that there are a range of issues relating to the functions, powers and resourcing of the National Archives which would benefit from examination – initiating the Tune Review, a Functional and Efficiency Review of the National Archives.</div>
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A public submission will be made by the Advisory Council to the Review. It encourages the valued stakeholders and users of the National Archives to contribute to this important review about its future role in the digital age, and the benefits and services that the National Archives provides to you and your members at review@naa.gov.au by Monday 30 June 2019.</div>
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Dr Denver Beanland<br />
Advisory Council Chair<br />
14 June 2019</div>
</div>
<br />Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-78405060116859869662019-06-15T02:02:00.000-07:002019-06-21T20:34:21.527-07:00Vale Chris Winter: GLAM Friend and Champion<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiva4x2vCRQUWfMPLDiCo9D8MC6ZQb7opCVxUDRomitzDauxjAzkFG63OyCRR4IOfutgEwgwhz1oYGAfISHqOQ0h62KvvCBQTs7bDasPLihokLpn82VyZypyDrJ3TzvH5xROD-DNprSJeW5/s1600/ChrisWinter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiva4x2vCRQUWfMPLDiCo9D8MC6ZQb7opCVxUDRomitzDauxjAzkFG63OyCRR4IOfutgEwgwhz1oYGAfISHqOQ0h62KvvCBQTs7bDasPLihokLpn82VyZypyDrJ3TzvH5xROD-DNprSJeW5/s1600/ChrisWinter.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It was with
great sadness that I heard of the passing of the legendary Chris Winter on
Monday 10 June 2019. Chris was well known by many Australians for his long
career at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation#1920s%E2%80%9340s" target="_blank">ABC</a> initially as music presenter on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_J_(radio_station)" target="_blank">Double J</a> and later as digital
innovation and technology advocate. His familiar and distinctive deep voice
graced the airwaves for a whole generation of baby boomers, and for several
years brought instant satisfaction to ABC callers who got through to his
recorded voice on the ABC switchboard. A lesser known aspect of Chris’s
interesting career is that over the last ten years he became a passionate friend, champion, supporter and influencer of collecting institutions: galleries, libraries, archives and museums (known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLAM_(industry_sector)" target="_blank">GLAM’s</a>).
He brought his focus very firmly to an area that held immense interest for him.
He took great delight in connecting with a whole new set of people and learning
all about the operations and aspirations of librarians, archivists, curators,
and conservators managing collections. He used his influence, knowledge and
networking skills to help many of us take steps towards making our collections
more accessible, usable and available in a digital age. He did this by
encouraging and also challenging us to collaborate and innovate together, use
new technologies, expand our horizons and share new ideas. He was instrumental
in enabling ABC content to be shared in <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank">Trove</a>. His own very user centric view
of services constantly reminded us to keep the user experience centre stage,
and that collections are nothing if they are not accessible, and preferably
easily so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chris was a
creative ideas person, who did not like to be constrained by boundaries,
bureaucracy, barriers or banal people. He liked collaboration, connections and
freedom of ideas. He constantly sought out new experiences, novelty and
challenge and particularly loved exploring digital technology, ideas and learning
new things. He was always completely focused on the user experience and kept
this at the centre of his thinking. He often asked really simple questions to our
senior leaders to challenge their in-actions or question their dismissal of new
ideas. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Why not?”</i> was his favourite
question, nicely put. Chris had unbridled enthusiasm and passion for the
opportunities which lay ahead for libraries. He delighted in connecting people
he thought could learn from each other or work on collaborative projects
together and would send lovely ‘blind date style’ introduction emails to people
e.g. <i>“I think you should meet x because you would be interested in their y”</i>, or
<i>“you have this in common with each other- why not meet to discuss it!”</i>. He particularly
encouraged the leaders of our national and state collecting institutions to
meet with and collaboratively work with each other. He could not understand why
this did not naturally occur when museums, galleries, archives and libraries
have so much in common, and in Canberra we are on each other’s doorsteps. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For
over ten years Chris hopefully and congenially brought a fresh and simple
perspective to GLAM practitioners and leaders about the way in which things
could sensibly be done, that only a highly respected person, external to the
profession can. He was always willing and very generous in sharing his time
with anyone he met at any level of an organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he arrived for a meeting with us at a
museum, gallery or library he was often like a mystery shopper, already having
chatted to other visitors outside, in the lobby and lift, the security guards,
and the coffee barista, bringing an interesting visitor perspective and local
news to start a conversation off with. This could be mighty praise, or gentle
suggestions for improvement about the visitor experience so far. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I first met
Chris almost exactly ten years ago in 2009 when I was the Manager of </span>Trove, the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program, <span lang="EN-US">Resource
Sharing, Collaboration, and Innovation at the National Library of Australia. Chris was then the Manager
of Innovation and New Media at the ABC. I emailed him to ask if the ABC would
be interested in contributing their content to reach new audiences as part of a
pioneering new collaborative online service ‘Trove’ I was leading. The <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank">Troveportal</a> gave free access to millions of <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/?q=" target="_blank">digitised historic newspapers </a>as well as
digital and physical resources held in Australian Libraries, Museums and
Archives. Much to my surprise the next day Chris turned up in person to discuss
this idea. He was immediately very keen and supportive for ABC content to be
included in the Trove service and he got <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Scott_(businessman)" target="_blank">Mark Scott’s</a> approval for this the very
next day. We decided to start with some key <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_National" target="_blank">Radio National</a> programs. Over a
very rushed ten minutes as we waited on the National Library steps for a taxi
to the airport </span><span lang="EN-US">Chris told me that in
2008 he had worked on a project called <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/innovation/sidetracks/" target="_blank">Sydney Sidetracks</a>, a unique showcase of
historic audio, film, text and images in a mobile interactive map app. This was
a collaboration between the </span>ABC archives, the National Film
and Sound Archive, the Powerhouse Museum, the State Library of NSW, The Museum
of Contemporary Art, The Dictionary of Sydney and the City of Sydney. This
had fired up his interest in the cultural heritage sector; working on joint
collaborative projects and the joy of revealing new stories through collection
content. He was also dabbling with public involvement via social media in
community news reporting through a service called <a href="https://open.abc.net.au/" target="_blank">ABC Open</a> and called this the
social media revolution. <span lang="EN-US">I
explained to him about my ideas and work to engage thousands of online
volunteers to improve the searchability of historic newspaper text through a
<a href="http://eprints.rclis.org/12907/" target="_blank">crowdsourcing program</a> I had instigated and how controversial and confronting this was
in the library world.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">We developed a great collaborative working
relationship and friendship. Chris asked me all sorts of questions about how
libraries and archives operated, where we were going, what technology we were
using, what we needed and what ideas I had for the future. He always bought a
sense of urgency and excitement to our visionary conversations which energised
us both to go out and do more. We were both particularly interested in how the
content of the ABC could be preserved and accessed effectively over time. After
a while I convinced him that his experiences and passion as both a keen museum,
library and archive visitor and a digital innovator where of great use to our
sector and with a little encouragement he quickly became an amazing advocate and champion for
Trove, the National Library of Australia, libraries in general and then the
whole GLAM sector. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Although being a brilliant and confident radio presenter
Chris had terrible nerves before speaking to a public audience and felt slightly out of his depth in
this new world of libraries. But I convinced him to join me as a keynote speaker
at the Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA) Online Conference
in 2011 to talk about the potential of crowdsourcing for libraries, social
media and his experience with Trove as a user and contributor. He was cautious
and unconvinced that librarians could learn anything from him. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was very unfortunate that I had a terrible accident and was unable to be at the conference to speak
with him. However, as I predicted, the
audience of predominantly older female librarians were captivated with his passion,
perspective and ideas, and they energetically tweeted how much they loved his velvety,
treacly, sexy voice as well which greatly amused him!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This gave him the
confidence to springboard more fully into the GLAM sector and then give the
<a href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/thomas-rome-lecture" target="_blank">Thomas Rome Lecture at the NFSA</a>. About the same time he made a rather reluctant
decision to retire from the ABC after a move from Sydney to Canberra to support
his partner’s new role.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For someone like
Chris who was so passionate and committed to work at the ABC, and with such an
active social life in Sydney this could have been a difficult transition, but
he saw it as another opportunity to get more involved both as a user and an
advocate for the National Library of Australia, the National Film and Sound
Archive, and the other cultural institutions that he loved so much in Canberra.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He had many discussions with the national collecting institution
leaders (NLA, NFSA, NAA, AWM) challenging them to set up a national group to
collaborate on funding, services, training, digitisation, digital preservation,
and access. He suggested a simple model like that of the <a href="http://www.ndf.org.nz/" target="_blank">National Digital Forum</a> in New Zealand, set up ten years before in 2001 and which he had visited on my
suggestion. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Then suddenly all development work on Trove, including
some of our incubation ideas for ABC content were halted in 2011. Chris and I
were torn with disappointment as were the Trove team, other collaborating
institutions and the 6 million users. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The National Library had decided to focus its
energy on other services and to put Trove on ice for three years, making no
commitment to the ongoing resourcing of Trove as a national service. I
therefore began a project role at the National Archives of Australia, Sydney to
implement a digital preservation and access system that would enable the ABC to
digitally deposit their recently created programs for archiving, and the public
to access historic digitised ABC TV and radio programs back to 1934. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Meanwhile Chris found the project he needed to fill
the ‘Trove void’ which was a CSIRO funded project researching Innovation in the
GLAM sector. Over two years Chris was able to consult with Australian and international
leaders in galleries, libraries, archives and museums, discuss key questions
with them and learn about their online services and collections. He travelled a
bit and was greatly enamoured with the <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/" target="_blank">Google Art Project</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Ageh" target="_blank">Tony Ageh’s</a> work on
digitising the <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/" target="_blank">BBC Archive</a>, the <a href="https://www.ala.org.au/" target="_blank">Atlas of Living Australia</a> and the <a href="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" target="_blank">Rijks Studio</a>.
Chris was greatly impressed by the lovely people he met in libraries, archives,
museums and galleries and the passion, dedication and knowledge of curators,
librarians, and archivists. He was very happy that in the course of his
research he began to see and experience more of the often hidden physical
collection treasures. He was so excited to see and touch (with white gloves)
the 1510 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunt%E2%80%93Lenox_Globe" target="_blank">Hunt-Lennox Globe</a> in the New York Public Library, and kept thinking of this
experience with delight weeks later and telling all his friends.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His conversations with me about his discoveries were
full of words like ‘<i>marvellous’</i>, <i>‘mesmerising’</i>, <i>‘energising’</i>, <i>‘enthralling’</i>, ‘<i>enraptured’</i>,
‘<i>compelling’</i>, <i>‘amazing’</i>, <i>‘brilliant’</i>, <i>'clever'</i>, and his excitement was palpable and
contagious. He made Curator’s feel good about themselves and their collections.
He was an avid reader loving to share his recommendations. On his trip to New
York he read Linda Fairstein’s <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Lethal-Legacy-Linda-Fairstein/dp/030738778X" target="_blank">Lethal Legacy </a>and said to me <i>“You must read it!
It’s about a conservator of rare books and maps in New York in a murder case”.</i><i> </i> Chris always arrived cheerful, listening to
the latest music on his i-phone, bristling with new apps he wanted to show me,
and often in red shoes with brightly coloured shirts. He was very good at
packing a lot into his days and balancing his family life, health and by now
largely voluntary ‘labour of love’ work into a day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The purpose of the GLAM project for Chris, aside from
learning new things, meeting new people, discussing ideas and having fun, was that
he could continue to prompt, encourage, and expect all of us in working in
GLAM’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to want to move forward and address
our long standing issues of collaboration, funding, mass digitisation and
preservation. If we were able to do this without getting lost on the way then
we could deliver on our key objective of increasing access to our wonderful collections
and meeting the digital, global expectations of our users (keeping the user
experience centre). There was a big transition at this time in libraries around
the world, largely led by the invention of Trove, crowdsourcing and social
media apps. Primary producers and collectors of content such as the ABC and the
National Library were no longer do things <u>for </u>users but <u>with</u>
users, thus shifting the power balance and enabling users to create, edit, repurpose
and engage with content and collections in new ways. <a href="https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en" target="_blank">Europeana</a> and the <a href="https://dp.la/" target="_blank">DigitalPublic Library of America</a> were created, based on Trove.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The outcome of the GLAM Innovation study that Chris
was working on was an 86 page report, <a href="https://mgnsw.org.au/sector/resources/online-resources/research/challenges-and-opportunities-australias-glams/" target="_blank"><b>“Innovation Study: Challenges andOpportunities for Australia’s Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums”</b>,</a>
presented to the GLAM sector in September 2014. The report captures the activities
and thinking of the GLAM sector at the time and most of the conversations that
Chris had with people and the services and readings that inspired him. The
report is Chris Winter’s legacy to us. If you haven’t read it, you should. Some
of the recommendations are those that Chris was passionate about: <b>make the
public part of what we do;</b> <b>become central to the community well being</b>; go beyond
digitisation into creative re-use, develop funding for national strategic
initiatives; develop a national framework for collaboration on digitisation,
digital preservation, and rights management; and create a National Digital
Forum for GLAM.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After this Chris visited me at work at UNSW Canberra
Special Collections. After six years he had just come off the board from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Screen" target="_blank">Metro Screen</a>, which was soon to close down and wanted to learn how to do ‘hands on’ arrangement, description, and
preservation of the Metro Screen archives. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As usual learning something new and doing
something meaningful filled him with excitement. He said he had remembered that
I had told him that the donors/creators of archives were always the best people
to understand the context and original order so wanted to do this archival task
himself. He sensed the great importance of capturing and preserving Australia's social, cultural and political history, </span>as he increasingly witnessed the disappearance around him of so much carefully created digital content. One of his favourite quotes to end meetings and presentations with archivists and librarians was this serious thought and challenge: </div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> "</span><i>One of the great ironies of the information age is that, while
the late twentieth century will undoubtedly have recorded more data than any
other period in history, it will also almost certainly have lost more
information than any previous era.” </i></div>
<div class="Pa8" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span class="A8"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Alexander Stille</span></span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">, American author, journalist, and Professor of Journalism at
Columbia University.</span></div>
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Chris’s life and career were a rich tapestry of the
people, ideas, and experiences he felt strongly and passionately about. Most
aspects and connections were extensive, inter-related, entwined, and built upon
over time: music, the ABC, digital technology, culture, collections, family, and
friends. He was a very creative, forward thinking person and as he said himself
gifted to be born with a wonderful voice and head of hair, and then to have had
so much more in his life than he expected. His passion, knowledge, ideas and
reflections shall be missed by many friends and colleagues. His championship of
galleries, libraries, archives and museums, and his encouragement and praise
for those of us doing our best to create and manage collections and content during a digital and social media revolution will not be forgotten. Our thoughts and kind wishes are with his partner Oona Nielssen, his two sons Otto
Winter and Jacob Henwood and his very close family and friends. </div>
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Quotes from Chris Winter:</div>
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<i>“I thought I was going to become an engineer but I got side-tracked through reading poetry by Jazz groups and became a DJ. I never completed my engineering degree".<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i>“I’ve been in love with music all my life, and secondly I’ve also been in love with technology”.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>“Just to background my own interest in the world of collections – in 2008 while I was still at the ABC, we were approached by the National Library seeking access to the ABC’s archival metadata which they were keen to add to the datasets already searchable through <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/">TROVE</a>.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i>The happy outcome – thanks to clever staff at the Library - to what began as a difficult project is that the NLA is now able to automatically harvest and index a large number of weekly Radio National programs - and all current programs are available for search through Trove within 24 hours of broadcast. Some 79 Radio National programs are now available, both current and historic, including AM, PM, the World Today and Correspondents Report. Four Corners is also indexed each week, with historic records going back to 2000. Trove is an extraordinary resource”. </i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>"I was very successfully distracted by an invitation to work on a study of the GLAM sector in Australia, commissioned and funded by the CSIRO".</i></div>
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<i>" I have been overwhelmed by the number of clever people I have met".</i></div>
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Thank you Chris for everything you have done for us!</div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I am reflecting this morning on Chris Winter and the social
changes he influenced, and I wondered if any of us in the GLAM sector or ABC thought
to try and capture the wonderful historical knowledge he had in his head of the
ABC, Double J history, and the transitioning of broadcasting to digital? What a
wonderful oral history that would have made. NFSA? NLA- did you do it? I notice also that there
is not yet a Wikipedia page for Chris Winter, therefore I lay down the
challenge to Wikipedian’s to create one. I list below some useful resources
about Chris Winter’s engagement with the GLAM sector which may help.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Resources
and Link’s on or by Chris Winter for or about Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museum’s<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<ol>
<li>ABC Alex Sloan interviews Chris Winter on his official
retirement from the ABC. Audio file and transcript. Canberra Close Up: Chris
Winter Music Fan and social media expert. 19 September 2012. <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/09/19/3593458.htm">https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/09/19/3593458.htm</a></li>
<li>ABC Alex Sloan interviews Chris Winter about his lecture tomorrow at the NFSA 27 September 2011. Piracy and publicity:
new media innovations and the music industry. audio file <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2011/09/27/3326834.htm?site=source=rss">http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2011/09/27/3326834.htm?site=source=rss</a></span></li>
<li>Chris Winter Thomas Rome Lecture 2011 at NFSA. ‘A life
in sound’. Audio file <a href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/thomas-rome-lecture">https://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/thomas-rome-lecture</a> 27 September 2011</li>
<li>Chris Winter talks on ABC Innovation and New Media. Amsterdam, November
2009. X-Media-Lab. Video <a href="https://vimeo.com/8967944">https://vimeo.com/8967944</a></li>
<li>Chris Winter’s Website: <a href="https://about.me/winterchris">https://about.me/winterchris</a> Has his bio and is a lovely insight into Chris’s learning and
understanding of the Australian GLAM sector, the networks and connections. He
lists the peak bodies and organisations he visited and met with, the
conferences he attended, the things he read from 2014-2016.</li>
<li>The GLAM Innovation Study that Chris worked on for 2
years: Mansfield, T., Winter, C., Griffith, C., Dockerty, A.,
Brown, T. (2014) Innovation Study: Challenges and Opportunities for Australia’s
Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums, Australian Centre for Broadband
Innovation, CSIRO and Smart Services Co-operative Research Centre, August 2014. <a href="https://mgnsw.org.au/sector/resources/online-resources/research/challenges-and-opportunities-australias-glams/">https://mgnsw.org.au/sector/resources/online-resources/research/challenges-and-opportunities-australias-glams/</a>
(Also downloadable from Chris Winter’s own website).</li>
<li>Chris Winter’s presentation on the GLAM Innovation
Study. To the Australian Society of Archivists (ASA) NSW Group 16 September
2015. Report by Chris Winter and Barbara Hoffman, ASA NSW Newsletter, October
2015 <a href="https://www.archivists.org.au/documents/item/674">https://www.archivists.org.au/documents/item/674</a>.
Chris explains how he got into GLAM and collections and his work on the GLAM
Innovation Study. Embedded into this document is a link to his full
presentation transcript. </li>
<li>Summary of Chris Winter’s presentation at the Australian Library and Information (ALIA) Information Online Conference 2011 by Paul Bentley Part 1 <a href="https://www.twf.org.au/research/Online2011pt1.html">https://www.twf.org.au/research/Online2011pt1.html</a> and Part 2 <a href="https://www.twf.org.au/research/Online2011pt2.html#_edn14">https://www.twf.org.au/research/Online2011pt2.html#_edn14</a> (video and slides not available)</li>
<li>Vale Chris Winter: ‘ground-breaking music guru’ Double-J <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/doublej/music-reads/music-news/chris-winter-double-j-died-obit-triple-j-room-to-move/11198662">https://www.abc.net.au/doublej/music-reads/music-news/chris-winter-double-j-died-obit-triple-j-room-to-move/11198662</a></li>
<li>Vale Chris Winter: <a href="https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-chris-winter">https://radioinfo.com.au/news/vale-chris-winter</a></li>
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Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-28405042846881748862017-10-26T00:06:00.000-07:002017-11-02T22:44:07.451-07:00National Digital Library of IndiaI was recently invited to travel to UNESCO HQ in New Delhi, India to give a keynote presentation at the <a href="http://www.iconf.ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/#" target="_blank">UNESCO-National Digital Library of India International Workshop</a> ‘Knowledge Engineering for Digital Library Design’. A small group of professional international experts had been invited to share their knowledge in the area of their expertise, mine being crowdsourcing in libraries, newspaper text correction and user led digital library design.<br />
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The Government of India along with the Ministry of Human Resource Development and the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IITK) are working on a project to develop the <a href="https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/" target="_blank">National Digital Library</a> (NDL). This is going to be an important part of their national academic infrastructure and is being led by Professor Partha Chakrabarti from IITK. The question they really wanted me to answer for <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank">Trove </a>and <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/?q=" target="_blank">Australian Newspapers</a> was <i>“if you were doing it all again, starting now, what would you do differently”?</i> This is so they can apply the knowledge that Australia learnt in the Indian Digital Library project.<br />
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Unlike other countries India has a growing young, rather than old population and they are not able to build and expand their universities in a timely way to meet educational demand. Therefore the government are seeing the National Digital Library as an academic network for individual and community based learning. It mainly contains books and courses and they will shortly develop the module to deliver historic newspapers. Academic libraries are also having their subscription resources harvested into it, since it is intended to be the backbone of the academic learning network. It shares some similarities with the Australian equivalent Trove. This interesting explains the National Digital Library of India.<br />
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I was really pleased to find out that India are now utilising their technology expertise for themselves in this way. If it was not for India we would not have Trove and Australian Newspapers. The <a href="https://www.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank">National Library of Australia</a> has been sending the more <a href="https://www.nla.gov.au/content/workflow-process-overview" target="_blank">technical workflow aspects</a> of the historic newspaper digitisation out to India contractors for the last ten years. In 2008 I was overseeing this and I had the pleasure to visit the digitisation facilities and meet the hundreds of staff in Hyderabad, Chennai, and Delhi, as well as some of the call centres and technology companies in Kolcatta. It was an eye opening experience for me to see such cutting edge technology and bright young people filled with hope and career aspirations, alongside with such extreme poverty and slums. India is an experience that lets you see the whole of humanity in a single day, which can be quite overwhelming.<br />
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<a href="https://www.unsw.edu.au/" target="_blank">UNSW</a> has just started to make a series of targeted and highly strategic investments in developing transformative partnerships in India. India represents a major priority for UNSW as part of its <a href="https://www.2025.unsw.edu.au/" target="_blank">2025 Strategy</a> under the Global Impact pillar. Building successful research and knowledge exchange partnerships in India will be key to the success of the UNSW India Strategy. India is a growing source of innovation and is home to some of the world’s most dynamic and innovative companies who are at the forefront of digital disruption, social enterprise and inclusive development. India’s research system is also growing as the Government of India considers its investment and capacity building strategy in higher education and research.<br />
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This week for Diwali the UNSW campus is being transformed and <a href="http://www.international.unsw.edu.au/india-illuminated" target="_blank">‘The Festival of India 2017</a>’ will be a stimulating, event-packed week that celebrates and promotes Australia’s partnership and friendship with the rapidly emerging global powerhouse – India. As the campus grounds transform into a little India – this unique festival will showcase not only the country’s rich, cultural offerings but also its ground breaking developments in innovation, finance, scientific research and economic growth. In November there will be an inaugural Research Roadshow:<br />
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<ul>
<li>To enable UNSW researchers to travel to India to make new connections and/or strengthen existing relationships;</li>
<li>To showcase UNSW’s capabilities, especially in the following research areas: smart cities, energy, water, climate, health and social enterprise sectors to prospective Indian partners.</li>
<li>To initiate and nurture strategic industry partnerships that will lead to knowledge exchange outcomes.</li>
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Expected outcomes will be the identification or consolidation of opportunities that will lead to future collaborative research partnerships with academic, industry and government partners.<br />
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In the meantime as I contemplated preparing my presentation I unfortunately was one of the many Australian’s struck down with the virulent strain of influenza in the recent <a href="http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/the-biggest-mistakes-australians-are-making-in-the-influenza-outbreak/news-story/04f663dbe5dde7a7755f85bf8839d41d" target="_blank">Australia wide outbreak of flu. </a> As the time approached to travel I realised I really was still not well enough. This resulted in me asking the Creative Media Unit at UNSW Canberra for help. John Carroll used his wonderful skill and technologies to create a 40 minute video of my presentation which was delivered to New Delhi on video screen, link below.<br />
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I discuss the findings of my <a href="http://eprints.rclis.org/view/creators/Holley=3ARose=3A=3A.default.html" target="_blank">nine years of research </a>into crowdsourcing based curation in libraries. Using the digitised historic Australian Newspapers as an example, I look at how the functionality and interface was developed in close relationship with the users, and how this led on to text correction of newspaper articles. It is nearly ten years since this pioneering project began and the motivations and achievements of the 50,000 volunteers are examined over this time. I question how successfully the goal of improving text quality and therefore search has been achieved? I propose that if a similar project was begun now then artificial intelligence software would be used such as <a href="https://overproof.projectcomputing.com/" target="_blank">OverProof </a>post OCR correction tool to improve the quality of the text. OverProof has been trained on the manual corrections of the Australian newspaper corpus and trials demonstrate it is able to dramatically improve the quality of the corpus. Volunteer text correction could still continue afterwards for difficult text but the software would do the main donkey work, allowing users to have a better quality search.<br />
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The <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/RHmarvellous/crowdsourcing-based-curation-and-user-engagement-in-digital-library-design" target="_blank">PowerPoint</a> is on my slideshare account.<br />
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Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-112135881762570662016-09-17T22:13:00.002-07:002018-02-01T05:45:19.935-08:00Digital Library FuturesThis blog post conveys some of the things I learnt and saw at the <a href="https://information-online.alia.org.au/" target="_blank">ALIA Online 2015</a> conference and the <a href="https://nationalconference.alia.org.au/" target="_blank">ALIA National 2016 </a>Conference, about the future of libraries and librarians.<br />
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At the ALIA Online conference I concentrated on the vendor offerings, finding out what automated technologies are now being supplied to libraries. These included many things to aid self-service which is something our clients want, for example self-issue and return through use of RFID technology and self-access 24/7 to the library. Also augmented reality and virtual reality played a large part. Librarians are still at the stage of trying to fully understand these realities so that we can understand how better to apply the technology in libraries. In augmented reality the client is in a real environment and sees additional things overlaid on top of the reality. For example Solus showed a library summer school gaming app where iPads with an app loaded were given to children for use in Glasgow Library. When the children walked round the library and looked at the posters for the game pinned onto bookshelves through the app they came to life with mooing cows, and tokens floating in the air to be collected. Since the worldwide phenomenon of Pokémon Go recently the concept of ‘augmented reality’ is now better understood. Virtual reality means wearing a headset and seeing an environment so realistic you think you are actually there, rather than looking at it on a computer screen. Usually real realities are used, either those giving excitement like roller-coasting, or those giving access to areas you can’t get to e.g. behind the scenes at a museum. Sometimes virtual reality may convince you that you want to go to a virtual location in real life e.g. a University campus or library. The price of the headsets is no longer an issue since you can make your own with a cardboard box and use your smartphone with an app loaded. My 15 minute video of the digital technologies in the vendor’s hall sums up technologies that are changing the way that libraries engage with their clients.<br />
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At the ALIA National 2016 Conference in Adelaide I focused on listening to librarians presentations to get a feel from the wider profession for where libraries and librarians are going.<br />
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The changing environment means that what used to be the core business for libraries – supplying physical books and reference services no longer is. It’s still there but the extent and depth of it is largely eroded by services such as e-books, Amazon and Google and the desire of clients to ‘self-serve’. Because clients do not appear to need librarians to help them in the same way they used to, librarians are trying to work out how they can provide value in other ways and stay relevant. This was one of the main themes of the conference. This theme has been almost done to death in the last 15 years, but this time I sensed a ground shift because the situation is now so serious and librarians realise it. If the profession does not adapt it will fade away. The conference gave librarians the opportunity to explain to their peers what they have actually done to re-position and re-brand themselves in the last few years. My summary covers five highlights.<br />
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<b>1. Lorcan Dempsey OCLC Keynote</b><br />
Lorcan opened the conference with his keynote <a href="https://nationalconference.alia.org.au/sites/default/files/Lorcan_Dempsey.pdf" target="_blank">‘Library Futures’</a>. He is a brilliant speaker with great ideas and is highly regarded in the profession. He opened by saying that he had nothing new to say on the topic, and indeed he has talked and blogged extensively on the future of libraries over the last ten years. This was more of a reminder of what we should be doing based on working examples in libraries internationally.<br />
•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Shift our thinking from “how can we make the library better?” into “how can we make the life of the user, or the community we are in better?” Be client focused and work out how you can adapt and fit into their digital and physical lives and spaces, not the other way round. e.g. libraries on ferries and beaches.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOs_w_NkkHSjTvYPZx-efAw3JQjbAdWaYD7fDw87nThBE02hwaaCzBLtT_Mn446JseXMj8fHqW4USTbrGdFGZ9HQYCcR-FKg_lQTNxjIhubuXlsWbNFgYteK6ov4BibkZKRDP3-v-aNDTt/s1600/lorcan+value.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOs_w_NkkHSjTvYPZx-efAw3JQjbAdWaYD7fDw87nThBE02hwaaCzBLtT_Mn446JseXMj8fHqW4USTbrGdFGZ9HQYCcR-FKg_lQTNxjIhubuXlsWbNFgYteK6ov4BibkZKRDP3-v-aNDTt/s640/lorcan+value.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Instead of being neutral and invisible, show your library expertise and personality. Most library websites still do not have pictures of their staff, list their experience, or indicate what they are trying to achieve, or give the client a ‘vibe’ about them. Most people no longer understand what a librarian does, so you need to be explicit, show your value and explain what problems you can solve. You can configure your value around 5 themes: collections, places, story, symbols e.g. openness, and skills. e.g. <a href="http://www.monash.edu/library" target="_blank">Monash University Library</a><br />
•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Form partnerships and use advocates for libraries e.g. University of Adelaide ‘Friends of the Library’.<br />
•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Acknowledge and adapt to the fact that collections are no longer physical and owned (simple scenario), but facilitated and need to be curated (value added). For example the continuum sees us moving from buying books, into licenced collections, demand driven orders, shared digital collections e.g. Trove, scholarly role, free e-books, creating new content, revising and re-using content.<br />
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•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Review library services with both client and staff involvement at all levels. A good example of this is the University of Adelaide <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/about/projects/lotf/" target="_blank">‘Library of the Future Report 2015’</a>. This Library is in urgent need of re-configuration of space, collections and services after a very long period of no change. <br />
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For public libraries: <a href="http://plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/manage/research/libraries-as-creative-spaces" target="_blank">‘The Impact of Libraries as Creative Spaces’</a> commissioned by the State Library of Queensland in 2015.<br />
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<b>2. Service Points rather than Reference Desks</b><br />
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Very few academic libraries still retain a reference desk, or have a reference librarian sitting on the desk all day just waiting to be asked a question. The observation is that in the digital world clients want and need less face to face and deep reference help. Clients are also able to find library areas e.g. books, photocopiers, themselves without needing to ask directional advice if effort is put into library design and flow and signage. Clients indicate a preference for self-help and guiding wherever possible. <br />
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<a href="https://nationalconference.alia.org.au/sites/default/files/Dr_Diana_Hodge.pdf" target="_blank">Dr Diana Hodge's presentation from University of South Australia </a>explained with photographs and examples, and later a physical tour how their new library building took these factors into account. They now have ‘service points’, not reference desks. A service point has a phone, webcam and pc with screen sharing software. It connects the client to a librarian or ICT staff. This means that librarians can be working at their desks on other tasks, or in other locations and be ‘on call’ when needed, thus optimising the use of their time. The service points are located next to a pod which has directional advice and guiding. <br />
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Librarians also have a chat service, clients have use of a library app, and ‘pop up’ libraries (1 staff with laptop) are around campus in student areas on orientation week. The library does not want to ‘force’ students to have to come into the physical library building when they may otherwise not. After the move into the new Library building and the new service model, enquiries reduced by 80% which was largely due to a logical layout of the building. Because of academic and library staff concerns about this drop in enquiries students were surveyed a number of times to see if the lack of a reference desk meant they weren’t asking for help. The answer was that they did not need more help, most things were intuitive to find, and if they needed help they knew how to get it at service points or online. Monitoring and evaluation is ongoing. Every online engagement gets a thumbs up or down from the client. However the ex-reference librarians were finding it challenging losing the face to face contact with clients at front of house, and having a much more sedentary desk role.<br />
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On the book front hard copy borrowing had dropped by 80% in 10 years and there was a 785% increase of use in e-books in the last 5 years. Currently 95% of books bought are e. The hard copy collection is being reduced by 45% based on usage figures. Although students preferred using e-books online, this was not shared by many academics who still wanted hard copy. The most used e-book had 60,000 downloads which speaks for itself. University of South Australia established their Digital Strategy in 2011 and carefully monitor against it. They also have a <a href="http://www.unisa.edu.au/digitallearning" target="_blank">Digital Learning Strategy 2015-2020</a>.<br />
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<b>3. Research Data Managers rather than Reference Librarians</b><br />
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Several speakers addressed the suggestion that with reference librarianship becoming a little needed skill these librarians could metamorphose into research data managers instead. However several universities seemed to have found that because the skill set is different it is often practical and effective to recruit new people into the role of research data managers, who may not be professional librarians. This seemed to illustrate that libraries can re-position and re-shape themselves but perhaps librarians cannot. I gathered a sense of confusion from conference delegates of what a research data manager may actually be doing and why they wouldn’t call themselves a librarian. The <a href="https://nationalconference.alia.org.au/content/big-data-small-library" target="_blank">presentation and paper </a>from Vanessa Johnson the librarian/data manager at Shell Australia was a really good illustration of what a big data manager would do in their role. This small library manages more petabytes of data than the National Library of Australia and has a regular flow of data both in and out to assist in creating more data of value for the company. Vanessa explained the velocity, volume, variety and complexity of managing big data with great clarity.<br />
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Other pointers to what a hybrid or research data manager role should do included ideas on how to help researchers manage their online presence and profile, including annual 'health checks'. <a href="https://nationalconference.alia.org.au/sites/default/files/EllenThompson_SallyFrench.pdf" target="_blank">Pimp my profile from QUT</a> explained the workshop they instigated and how they moved researchers through bronze, silver and gold levels of online presence.<br />
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<b>4. Demonstrating value by using visualisation and infographics</b><br />
Debi Howarth and Masami Yamaguchi from Griffith University explained how using single page <a href="https://nationalconference.alia.org.au/sites/default/files/MasamiYamaguchi_DebiHowarth.pdf" target="_blank">visualisation reporting and infographics</a> can really influence your key stakeholders in their understanding of your value and the services you offer. <br />
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They showed the ‘Love My Library’ concept created by the Client services/librarian team, which used powerful quotes from clients in combination with statistics on posters, coasters, bags and booklets to convey client focused library value and expertise. Key messages were that the Library is the heart of the University and positively impacts student success and retention. Before the infographics senior University staff had little understanding of what the librarians did or what value they provided.<br />
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Another example of use of info-graphics is the one produced for Friends of the University of Adelaide Library.<br />
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<b>5. Kate Torney, State Library of Victoria</b><br />
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The last speaker of the conference eclipsed all the other speakers, and made me forget everything I knew as a practicing librarian of 30 years. She catapulted me back to my first job as a naïve library assistant age 17, when my role was to wash book covers clean and I thought what a great place the public library was to work. Kate Torney ex ABC News, now head of State Library of Victoria explained with the freshness of a newcomer combined with great passion, love, and naivety how she hoped to transform the State Library of Victoria, including the building and services over the next 5 years with an approved $85 million refurbishment, including expansion of space by 40%. She clearly explained the impact it would have on people’s lives and the community, by using her own epiphany experience in the reading room 12 months before, which ‘converted her to libraries’ with an almost religious zeal. Her vision was brought to life by skillful use of video stories featuring clients, including children and illiterate immigrants, no doubt drawing on her ABC news story experience and contacts. <br />
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She gave an extremely convincing case for why she may be able to do more for libraries in an advocacy role than anyone has before her, and I believed her. Her <i>‘why not?’</i> attitude and naivety is an asset and will stand her in good stead to achieve great things. Her amazement at what the library is and does, and the opportunities before her was tangible, positive and refreshing. She seemed like such a lovely person, but also well able to use the media to the library’s advantage. In comparing the library to a business she said any business would be thrilled to have the market reach the library does, which is potentially the whole population from birth to death, all ages, all sectors. She had a particular interest in asking children what they want from the library, since they are the clients of now and the future. They all seemed to agree on quiet space, being something they don’t get at home, and one boy said a rock-climbing wall inside the library would be cool for taking action breaks from studying. The first hand video account by a library user (illiterate immigrant, now a prize winning poet) was extremely moving. I would strongly recommend watching her <a href="https://nationalconference.alia.org.au/content/communities-within-and-without-building-and-maintaining-library-support-matrix" target="_blank">presentation (such a shame the video's are missing!)</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5If_AkqtUw">or recorded version (without her videos!)</a> which was like drinking two <a href="http://www.jamieoliver.com/news-and-features/features/how-to-make-espresso-martini/#I4mIjDcBqYZfkeGp.97" target="_blank">espresso martini’s</a> in quick succession, it woke you up and got you excited and drunkenly optimistic about life and libraries. Discovering that <a href="http://adelady.com.au/top-10-espresso-martinis-in-adelaide/" target="_blank">Adelaide specialises in serving espresso martini’s </a>all over the city was another epiphany journey for some librarians, but that’s another story!<br />
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<b>Conclusions</b><br />
I was enthused by digital technologies as I always am, because they generally enable us to respond better and quicker to our clients expectations. But overall I found it quite dispiriting at both the ALIA conferences that we as a profession have to keep reminding ourselves to be client focused, and that understanding and finding out what the client wants and responding in a timely way has still not become second nature to librarians or library managers. It is still often viewed as something that only happens once a year in the form of a survey or only needed when things reach a crisis situation e.g. cuts in staff, or changes to library buildings. There were no convincingly good presentations about libraries being constantly in-tune with our client’s visions of libraries, or being predominanatly driven by client expectations and feedback, though the State Library of Victoria seemed to be on a road towards this. Many of the leading lights in the library profession I have worked with or looked towards over the last 30 years are now retired and fresh blood is needed. I missed the presence of the old stalwarts of the profession, many of who had the most radical and forward thinking views of the library profession. My conclusion is that libraries can re-position and remain relevant and central to their communities with some effort and planned thinking, but I was not so convinced that librarians themselves will be able to, or will want to make the transitions required of them and morph their roles away from their traditional tasks into new areas and styles of librarianship. <br />
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<br />Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-61429749275388606862014-08-29T01:36:00.001-07:002014-08-29T02:09:15.765-07:00Audiovisual achievements - National Archives of Australia<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I always get a sense of achievement from a job well done,
and this week the audiovisual IT project I have managed at the <a href="http://naa.gov.au/" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; color: #783f04;">National Archives of Australia</span></a> (NAA) over the last 2 years has reached
fruition – on time and under budget, which makes the achievement even
better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The project was a big one costing several million and was the implementation of both an
audiovisual asset management system, and an audiovisual digital preservation
system. It has been a long held ambition of the NAA to achieve these two goals. The concept crystallised into a firm plan in 2006. Implementation commenced in 2012 and the project became the highest strategic objective of the NAA for the next two years, involving approximately half of the 400 NAA staff in some capacity. The Chester Hill office at Sydney took the lead because this office is the centre of expertise for audiovisual collections. I feel fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with such a fantastic and knowledgeable group of people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The project which is known internally at NAA as ‘AVAMS’ (audiovisual asset management system project), and its
achievements is described in more detail in <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/RHmarvellous/national-archives-of-australia-avams-project-achievements-august-2014" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">my AVAMS presentation</span> </a>available on
slideshare. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The chosen software that has been implemented is <a href="http://www.tmd.tv/solutions/mediaflex-audiovisual-archives" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">Mediaflex</span></a>
from a UK based company called <a href="http://www.tmd.tv/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">TransMedia Dynamics</span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The National Archives is the second Archives
client to install the Asset Management Software as the Collection Management
System for both physical and digital audiovisual assets, and the first client in the
world to install the Mediaflex digital preservation platform.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other Australian clients include the <a href="http://www.nfsa.gov.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">National Film and Sound Archive</span></a>, and <a href="http://www.damsmart.com.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">DAMsmart</span></a> an audiovisual digitisation contractor. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The project has been important to the NAA because firstly audiovisual
is a significant part of the collection amounting to nearly 1 million items,
and secondly there is a need to increase capability and capacity to ingest born
digital audiovisual from transferring agencies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One of the main agencies transferring audiovisual material to the NAA is the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)
who creates all radio and TV programs digitally now and has done so for some
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because older parts of the NAA audiovisual collection are analogue, and these formats deteriorate quickly there has been
an active and ongoing NAA audiovisual digitisation program to convert analogue to
digital formats for at least the last 10 years in state-of-the-art digitisation
labs onsite at Sydney. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This youtube video gives a <a href="http://youtu.be/W6P-D7Kku44?list=UU4tmpYcD5R7TjmxQ7sw7TFg" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">small glimpse behind the scenes</span></a> at the Sydney Office, and a sample of a very <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span>deteriorated analogue film now digitised is available to view on youtube in <a href="http://youtu.be/M9PR39ojLiE?list=UU4tmpYcD5R7TjmxQ7sw7TFg" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">'a cautionary tale'</span></a><span style="color: #783f04;">.</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">For these two reasons the NAA already holds a sizable store of digital AV assets. These are now being migrated into the digital preservation system ‘the AV Digital Archive’, which will replace the previous rather clunky and very slow system that was based on a system backup procedure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will give increased surety that important digital assets are secure and preserved into the future. It is a giant leap forward to have a robust and easy to use digital preservation system. The screenshot below shows the console that an archivist would use to manage the digital preservation copies. The traffic light system is particularly easy to use. </span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The requirements to manage audiovisual digitisation workflows,
storage of physical items, ingest and digital preservation of items are much
more complex than those for other format types such as photographs or
paper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In order to better manage and
search on collection items a data model with multi-layers is needed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is usual in libraries to have 3 data
layers, and for archives to have 5 or 6 for paper formats, however in the case
of audiovisual the ideal data model has 12 layers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is the new model that has now been implemented at the National
Archives. It has caused great excitement for those who understand the
complexities of audiovisual metadata and realise the benefits this will bring long-term
to the management of the collection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However it has been a steep learning curve for staff to become familiar
with the audiovisual data model. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWskBbO2QpMvg1ofi1R9mmVgBHUHae3clHTOZUE3ClI8qoFLbK4E6Bpdd7_URDvJczMHQXEru_-bhQb6ID0Zyw-oxMsddOroT-esze4OzREYnl-udHyol568DO0ssEuWNLHpePWEoL6xJP/s1600/data+model.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWskBbO2QpMvg1ofi1R9mmVgBHUHae3clHTOZUE3ClI8qoFLbK4E6Bpdd7_URDvJczMHQXEru_-bhQb6ID0Zyw-oxMsddOroT-esze4OzREYnl-udHyol568DO0ssEuWNLHpePWEoL6xJP/s1600/data+model.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">An ambition for Archivists has been to expose more of
the audiovisual collection to public searchers, because at the moment for various reasons it is largely
invisible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The new data model means that
can be changed and improved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition
Mediaflex can automatically create low resolution digital access copies on the
fly, which brings the potential to make more of the collection digitally
available.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is still more work to
be done in this area since <a href="http://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/SearchScreens/BasicSearch.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="color: #783f04;">RecordSearch</span></a> is remaining the front end for public
searchers for the foreseeable future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Therefore a fair amount of configuration work has already been
undertaken to enable exchange of metadata between the Audiovisual Asset Management
System Mediaflex and RecordSearch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">An immediate benefit that Mediaflex has brought is the ability to much better manage storage of audiovisual items. These items require repositories of different temperatures e.g. cold and cool, and conditioning rooms between for the gradual movement of items into room temperature for access or digitisation. In addition there are a variety of different shelving configurations for different sizes and types of items. Mediaflex allows the management of all this, but in addition 'capacity management'. A visual interface shows where spare space is and how full shelves are in real time. This really helps to micro manage over 30 km of audiovisual repository space in multiple locations. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwyOcVn0HVKNeaX_turXWSoGFeum3Zw7itohxQP1-kZbUX946Cd9ergt2qEu5CWgy-S6oxaQdEoiQ-DRjMNw24OCPAP5DNWnD7og6yDYjPRhkYDhe2HAX4z-uQIKXAfye8Og_cF3uilOV4/s1600/vaults+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwyOcVn0HVKNeaX_turXWSoGFeum3Zw7itohxQP1-kZbUX946Cd9ergt2qEu5CWgy-S6oxaQdEoiQ-DRjMNw24OCPAP5DNWnD7og6yDYjPRhkYDhe2HAX4z-uQIKXAfye8Og_cF3uilOV4/s1600/vaults+2.JPG" height="492" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7xO8FDJX0JjFZkVMsqv4LxbQipUKBf4fKRnfeOhzCHokRpPMFBfEmuyoqpIuZRsQQCSBxCnaJiecZ-uNSQ_krFS0-SF7kxNZY2SAv6PAw18nOEENIVYEB4W7dbNoqmXMpk5lTkuYD3cOG/s1600/items+in+stacks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7xO8FDJX0JjFZkVMsqv4LxbQipUKBf4fKRnfeOhzCHokRpPMFBfEmuyoqpIuZRsQQCSBxCnaJiecZ-uNSQ_krFS0-SF7kxNZY2SAv6PAw18nOEENIVYEB4W7dbNoqmXMpk5lTkuYD3cOG/s1600/items+in+stacks.jpg" height="400" width="293" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It is rewarding to see how the project achievements - the implementation of an audiovisual asset management system and digital preservation system are already having positive benefits for the NAA. As I reflect on the last 2 years (which feel as if they have passed in the blink of an eye) I attribute the success to the fantastic project team members at both the NAA and Transmedia Dynamics, as well as NAA making the right choice of software. The core project teams contributed their audiovisual expertise and worked diligently under my direction with enthusiasm and total commitment towards the end result. There is no doubt it was challenging at times, but everyone rose to the challenge with tenacity, determination and persistence. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The National Archives of Australia is now strongly and ably
positioned in the audiovisual digital arena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
has the capability to undertake its core business much better, as well as do
groovy and amazing things with the new software.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s very unfortunate that the current tight fiscal
constraints may now hamper the capacity of the NAA to uptake the new
benefits as quickly as it would like, but I am assured it will happen in time.
This project achievement has boosted the confidence of the National Archives of Australia and is indeed a
job well done! </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgndqxlbT8MJ0fbVbuLKcjLt96LzvEtI68o3QJC3azI66RdOao_Jjw3z7ajnUZQphAjUvnES5qmEQ-8AA6s3L-z5cAwzltFpsackcSodzuHBBwOOHp9HNUu_apC0KQ992vtUpC8qaUEqUTD/s1600/_DSC7071_small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgndqxlbT8MJ0fbVbuLKcjLt96LzvEtI68o3QJC3azI66RdOao_Jjw3z7ajnUZQphAjUvnES5qmEQ-8AA6s3L-z5cAwzltFpsackcSodzuHBBwOOHp9HNUu_apC0KQ992vtUpC8qaUEqUTD/s1600/_DSC7071_small.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> <span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mediaflex in use in the sound preservation lab at National Archives of Australia, Sydney Office.</span></div>
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Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-20179006059149876042013-04-02T04:25:00.000-07:002013-04-02T04:25:12.402-07:00Crowdsourcing text correction and transcription of digitised historic newspapers: a list of sites
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Last month two new websites were launched giving the public access
to digitised historic newspapers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
release of a new ‘old’ digitised newspaper site is becoming a regular monthly
occurrence now, with a library somewhere in the world completing a newspaper
digitisation project with astonishing regularity, after what seems like such a
long wait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The two new sites this month were the <a href="http://papuraunewyddcymru.llgc.org.uk/en/home" target="_blank">Welsh Newspapers online</a> and the <a href="http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/leader/" target="_blank">Louiseville Leader</a>. </div>
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The Welsh site has
been several years in progress and seriously considered using the National
Library of Australia software for text correction, before putting it in the
‘too hard basket’. The National Library of Wales is to be commended on making
the Welsh Newspapers service free (unlike the <a href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/" target="_blank">English newspapers</a>
which are still in a subscription model from the British Library).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSgL1Spl1yuQJT4o1Tt9zaVigEdZDoox8vyJryYmZFfL56Kd05mSA4hYkcG1xyvl99s6W0tpJr-Bo0Oy4bKjcXhkUNHGvsTyms3p2YtmyRTFPxG9Bkj4FIvnT-co0LRInvtuQMHPyPXHk_/s1600/louiseville2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSgL1Spl1yuQJT4o1Tt9zaVigEdZDoox8vyJryYmZFfL56Kd05mSA4hYkcG1xyvl99s6W0tpJr-Bo0Oy4bKjcXhkUNHGvsTyms3p2YtmyRTFPxG9Bkj4FIvnT-co0LRInvtuQMHPyPXHk_/s400/louiseville2.jpg" width="295" /></a></div>
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The Louiseville site delivers all the issues of a key
African American community newspaper covering local, national, and
international news published in Louisville, Kentucky from 1917-1950.
Unfortunately the building which housed original copies of the paper was badly
damaged by a fire. The remaining issues, loaned by <st1:placename w:st="on">Kentucky</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">State</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype>
and the widow of the publisher, were microfilmed by the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Louisville</st1:placename></st1:place>,
with the digital files created from that microfilm. The long and winding road
the texts have taken toward digital representation has made them less than
ideal candidates for optical character recognition (OCR), which has difficulty
transcribing faded, torn, or misaligned texts, even when they are readable to
the human eye. For this reason the site has enabled public transcription to help
improve the accuracy and searchability of the newspaper content.</div>
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It’s great to see both of these new sites and I fully
understand the difficult process many libraries have gone through to get to
this point, having been there and managed a newspaper digitisation project
myself. I still have a particular interest in those newspaper sites which
involve the public in text correction, which is another step perhaps just too
challenging for many libraries to take.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After the worldwide library applaud of the <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper" target="_blank">Australian Newspapers/Trove</a> text
correction beta five years ago, now an internationally hailed success, and the stated
intent of many libraries to follow suit with public text correction the
question arises <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“how many actual did?”</i>
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There are many libraries internationally that now offer
websites to search across digitised historic newspapers and I’m not going to
list all of them, just the handful that give their users the text correction or
transcription ability. With Australian text correctors, now addicted to text
correction of newspapers and looking elsewhere to sate their ample appetites I
thought it was time to compile a list specifically of text correction websites for
historic newspapers. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">To the best of my knowledge there are 9 sites
now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who will be the 10th?? If I have
inadvertently missed a site perhaps let me know in the comments. Most of the sites
are for </span>English language content but it is
interesting to see a few coming through for other languages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a note of interest there were several
foreign language historic newspapers published in Australia (Chinese, Greek,
Hebrew, German) but these were put in the ‘too hard basket’ for the first stage
of Australian Newspapers/Trove and sadly did not make it into the second stage
either.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They give a very interesting
perspective on sub communities within a wider community. </div>
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Congratulations to all the libraries listed below who took
the first difficult step to digitise and then the more challenging step to
crowdsource. Happy text correcting to all the amazing people that volunteer
their valuable time to help libraries make old newspapers more accessible, I
hope you enjoy the list. The sites are all slightly different but work on the
general basis of showing a digitised page and asking for public
correction/transcription of the OCR text created from that page. If the OCR
text is improved then keyword searching of the newspapers is improved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It particularly helps to correct people’s
names, especially in family notices, births and deaths, since these are often
the first thing that users search on.</div>
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<strong><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">List of historic/old digitised newspaper sites that offer public text correction/transcription: March 2013</span></strong></div>
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<strong>US Newspapers</strong></div>
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<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Correct the Louiseville Leader (from the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Louiseville Library</st1:placename></st1:place>) <a href="http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/leader/"><span style="color: blue;">http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/leader/</span></a></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Correct <st1:state w:st="on">California</st1:state> newspapers (from the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">California Library</st1:placename></st1:place>) at <a href="http://cdnc.ucr.edu/"><span style="color: blue;">http://cdnc.ucr.edu</span></a></div>
</li>
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Correct <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Cambridge</st1:city> <st1:state w:st="on">Massachusetts</st1:state></st1:place> newspapers (from the Cambridge Public Library) at <a href="http://bit.ly/cambridgepublic"><span style="color: blue;">http://bit.ly/cambridgepublic</span></a></div>
</li>
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Correct <st1:state w:st="on">Tennessee</st1:state> newspapers (from the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Tennessee Library</st1:placename></st1:place>) <a href="http://tndp.lib.utk.edu/"><span style="color: blue;">http://tndp.lib.utk.edu</span></a></div>
</li>
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Correct <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Virginia</st1:place></st1:state> newspapers (from the State Library of Virginia Library) <a href="http://virginiachronicle.com/"><span style="color: blue;">http://virginiachronicle.com</span></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<strong>Australian Newspapers</strong></div>
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<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Correct Australian newspapers (from the National Library of Australia) <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/"><span style="color: blue;">http://trove.nla.gov.au</span></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<strong>Finnish Newspapers</strong></div>
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<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Correct Finnish newspapers (from the National Library of Finland) <em>in Finnish </em><a href="http://digi.lib.helsinki.fi/sanomalehti"><span style="color: blue;">http://digi.lib.helsinki.fi/sanomalehti</span></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<strong>Vietnamese Newspapers</strong></div>
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<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Vietnamese newspapers (from the National Library of Vietnam) <em>in Vietnamese </em><a href="http://bit.ly/nationallibraryofvietnam"><span style="color: blue;">http://bit.ly/nationallibraryofvietnam</span></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<strong>Russian</strong></div>
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<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Russian language periodicals <a href="http://bit.ly/russianperiodicals"><span style="color: blue;">http://bit.ly/russianperiodicals</span></a> <em>in Russian</em></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<strong>Useful Resource:</strong></div>
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Frederick Zarndt’s recent PowerPoint on crowdsourcing in
libraries with a particular focus on newspapers:</div>
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<a href="http://www.slideshare.net/cowboyMontana/20130321-putting-the-worlds-cultural-heritage-online-with-crowdsourcing-rootstech-2013-17384937" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.slideshare.net/cowboyMontana/20130321-putting-the-worlds-cultural-heritage-online-with-crowdsourcing-rootstech-2013-17384937</span></a></div>
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Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-20459753026980985552013-03-18T02:13:00.001-07:002013-03-18T02:14:54.946-07:00The Australian National Cultural Policy 2013 released: an overview of ‘Creative Australia’ for GLAM’s (galleries, libraries, archives, museums).<br />
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After a much longer than anticipated wait Minister Simon
Crean <a href="http://www.minister.regional.gov.au/sc/releases/2013/March/sc035_2013.aspx" target="_blank">announced the release</a>
of the Australian National Cultural Policy on 13-3-13, the week of <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canberra</st1:place></st1:city>’s Centenary
celebrations. The Policy named <a href="http://creativeaustralia.arts.gov.au/" target="_blank">‘Creative Australia’</a> is a weighty 150 pages, though happily has an
online summary and search feature. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhERS6_5WW0Tqwh6VHkTXU7JU9432JIadRjNpQlWnKib0Tp7Zw5aD-AYpmUvyeZYiTByJ6mE3A0-Bqkv06Pvf-uNpUDTbAhyWSwaBdeIcFsyssTfblbX67wHICj6MIyOcWtum_cNBDZfIUf/s1600/cult+policy+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhERS6_5WW0Tqwh6VHkTXU7JU9432JIadRjNpQlWnKib0Tp7Zw5aD-AYpmUvyeZYiTByJ6mE3A0-Bqkv06Pvf-uNpUDTbAhyWSwaBdeIcFsyssTfblbX67wHICj6MIyOcWtum_cNBDZfIUf/s320/cult+policy+2.jpg" width="320" /></a>The question that Australian libraries, archives, museums
and galleries will be asking is <em>“Does the National Cultural Policy deliver all that
we hoped it would for GLAM’s, and how far will it help or drive forward the
challenges surrounding the digital agenda?”</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
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Back in January 2012 I wrote a post explaining <a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com.au/2012/01/proposed-australian-national-cultural.html" target="_blank">what the purpose of the National Cultural Policy was intended to be</a>,
and summarised the feedback that the National Cultural Institutions had
provided against the Draft Policy in October 2011. I also followed this post
with another which explained in more detail <a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com.au/2012/01/dealing-with-digital-deluge-10.html" target="_blank">the Digital Deluge Challenges </a>that GLAM’s
had raised in their feedback, with possible resolutions that they would like
addressed in the National Cultural Policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was widely hoped by National Cultural Institutions such as the
National Library of Australia, the National Archives of Australia, and the National Film and Sound Archives that
the Policy would provide extra or contestable funding to help with the
challenges of digitising, collecting born digital, and delivering collections
digitally, and the legislation that surrounded that. At that point Simon Crean
had indicated the Policy would be released in March 2012 and would have
considerable funding associated with it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However due to constraints in Government funding the release was delayed
since Crean said there was no point in releasing a policy which did not have
the funding to back it up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This further
fuelled the expectations of the GLAM sector that the policy may release significant
extra funding to them.</div>
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So does the National Cultural Policy help GLAM’s deal with
the digital challenges?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The answer in a
nutshell is “not really”. The Policy is much more focused on fostering the creation
of new digital cultural and artistic content rather than collecting or curating
it. However there are a few exceptions which I will highlight below.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
As Crean had hinted the Policy comes with considerable
funding - $235 million to be exact. However the lion’s share of this (over $75
million) goes to reforming the Australia Council. Crean says: </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<em>"The Australian Government will immediately implement
structural reforms to the Australia Council. These are the most significant
since its creation 40 years ago at a time when the arts were only beginning to
realise their potential. I will be introducing new legislation into Parliament
next week, which will be backed by an investment of $75.3 million in new
funding for the Australia Council over four years. The Australia Council will
be a more responsive funding body with a clear mandate to support and promote a
vibrant and distinctively Australian creative arts practice, and have a new
emphasis on independent peer-assessed grants to recognise and build artistic
excellence.”</em></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
A summary breakdown of the funding as given in Crean’s press
release is below:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicVij6kXKcVRUYTWPRqC6AfqWrXRXKWGzlu3iBUa7tc6SoGiGvg5_Zc0iZecwPa2EUGbDI9EM-IsRvJoq0Un9RnSy_MuQdEKM-owZrUDYC4gxtkw2CgLsojk-Q7eNK4yFjmxJKOg3dYwSQ/s1600/Cult+policy+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicVij6kXKcVRUYTWPRqC6AfqWrXRXKWGzlu3iBUa7tc6SoGiGvg5_Zc0iZecwPa2EUGbDI9EM-IsRvJoq0Un9RnSy_MuQdEKM-owZrUDYC4gxtkw2CgLsojk-Q7eNK4yFjmxJKOg3dYwSQ/s640/Cult+policy+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The Policy has five goals and the funding is intended to be
targeted to attain the goals. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong>Goal 1</strong>: Recognise, respect and celebrate the centrality of
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures to the uniqueness of Australian
identity.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong>Goal 2</strong>: Ensure that government support reflects the
diversity of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
and that all citizens, wherever they live, whatever their background or circumstances,
have a right to shape our cultural identity and its expression.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong>Goal 3</strong>: Support excellence and the special role of artists
and their creative collaborators as the source of original work and ideas,
including telling Australian stories.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong>Goal 4</strong>: Strengthen the capacity of the cultural sector to
contribute to national life, community wellbeing and the economy.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong>Goal 5</strong>: Ensure Australian creativity thrives here and abroad
in the digitally enabled 21st century, by supporting innovation, the development
of new creative content, knowledge and creative industries.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The relevant parts of the National Cultural Policy for GLAM
are:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Digitising collections:</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander Studies (AIATSIS) finally gets a good chunk of money. They’ve been
given $12.8 million<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for the
digitisation of their indigenous collections. This potentially can go a long
way if they set up mass digitisation processes such as the National Library did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the National Library $10 million digitised
50 million items. But if mass digitisation was not in place this money would
likely only cover digitisation of up to 1 million paper items, less if it was
AV. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">Collecting born digital</span></strong>:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The Cultural Policy signals the intent of the Government to
finally change the 1968 Copyright Act which would give the National Library of
Australia <a href="http://www.minister.regional.gov.au/sc/releases/2013/March/sc038_2013.aspx" target="_blank">the right to collect digital as well as hard copy published items.</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is known as legal deposit. Digital legal
deposit would cover content on Australian websites as well as e-books and
blogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The National Library has been
campaigning for years without success to change legal deposit to include
digital, so this statement of intent is a positive step forward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is still no timeframe around the legal
change and it’s likely to take some time. The Australian Law Reform Commission
is reviewing copyright exceptions for the digital environment. The copyright
Inquiry is being led by Professor Jill McKeough. An issues paper was released
in August 2012. A discussion paper is likely to be released later in 2013 with
another call for responses from interested parties such as publishers, content
developers and collecting institutions who commented last time round.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Crean has also stated:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><em>"We will also work to develop a new legal deposit scheme for the
National Film and Sound Archive of Australia to collect and preserve Australian
audio-visual material."</em> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
This is all good but raises some questions on the specific
roles and potential overlap of functions of the National Archives of Australia, the
National Library of Australia and the National Film and Sound Archive. The
National Library has been collecting Government websites for some time now, but
this is actually a core role of the National Archives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The National Film and Sound Archives collect
commercial and non-commercial AV content, whilst the National Archives collect
material from Government broadcasters such as the ABC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interestingly although the National Library,
and National Film and Sound Archive get several mentions in the policy the
National Archives hardly does. This may be due to the much stronger, detailed
responses the NLA and NFSA sent in to the draft policy.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">Dealing with the Digital Deluge vs. Physical:</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The Cultural collecting sector clearly stated that they were
appreciative of the money given to them by Government each year to build,
manage and maintain their collections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Policy states, as the draft policy did how much this is for 2012/2013:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
National Archives of Australia $62.6 million</div>
</li>
<li>National Library of Australia $59.6 million</li>
<li>National Gallery of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> $46.4 million</li>
<li><st1:placename w:st="on">National</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Museum</st1:placetype> of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> $42.9 million</li>
<li>National Film and Sound Archive $26.9 million</li>
<li><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Australian</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">National</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Maritime</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Museum</st1:placetype></st1:place> $23.9 million</li>
</ul>
The Policy also states:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<em>“The Australian Government remains committed to ensuring the
National Collecting Institutions can continue to facilitate access to their
collections and programs. The Government also remains committed to the
digitisation of the collections to preserve them for future generations and
provide access to a range of culturally significant material”.</em></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
However although the money sounds considerable much more is
required to address the digital challenges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The analogue/physical collections are not decreasing or requiring less
management but the digital is exponentially increasing. Collecting institutions
do not have the infrastructure they need to deal with it and make it
accessible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Policy does not address
this issue at all, though it acknowledges in the Appendices that collecting
institutions raised it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The Policy actually helps to significantly increase the amount
of digital cultural artefacts that will be created and therefore require
collecting, particularly in audio-visual broadcasting. Large sums of money will
target creation of more audio-visual content from Screen <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> and
SBS. This will no doubt exacerbate the digital deluge problem for the National
Film and Sound Archive, the National Archives and the National Library. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="background-color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Searching and engaging with collections and content</span></span><span style="background-color: white;">:</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The Policy waxes lyrical about <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank">Trove</a> the search and
user engagement service developed by the National Library of Australia
(co-incidentally that I managed from 2008-2012) even going as far as calling it
a <em>“golden moment for the cultural economy, as the historic obstacles of
distance and the size of the local market disappear.”</em> This is all very nice and
good patting on the back stuff, but no money is provided to ensure that the
‘moment’ can be sustained and the collaborative service can continue or be
developed. I’m not sure if the Minister was aware that the development work on
the service all but ceased in 2011 when the National Library made a decision to
divert its priorities elsewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">National Collaboration and Networks:</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
An action in the policy is to “Establish a national network
for museums and galleries to be managed in partnership between the <st1:placename w:st="on">National</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Museum</st1:placetype>
of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>
and Museums Australia. The Network will work to share resources and improve
access to collections across <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
to assist industry, researchers and the public.”</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
I’m not quite sure what the intent of this is, whether is it
a collaborative network between museums, a digital network, a shared discovery
service like Trove, or simply a replacement for <a href="http://www.collectionsaustralia.net/" target="_blank">Collections Australia Network</a>
(CAN)
,which has had its funding entirely pulled on more than one occasion. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The expectation was that GLAM’s would be required to work
more closely and collaboratively with each other to achieve their aims and pool
resources, particularly for digitisation and digital discovery/access but this
is not mentioned in the Policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
has not been a natural propensity for Australian GLAM’s to communicate, collaborate,
or share openly in a formal or informal way before, so although it could be
done without a policy, there was an expectation that a Policy would drive
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within each specific sector there
are good networks, especially for libraries, but cross sector there is still
some resistance to focusing on similarities rather than differences.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">Leverage:</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Only time will tell if the National Cultural Policy can be
used as leverage to assist the work of GLAM’s, or whether it is just another
document/file to be put in the ‘recycle bin’. Its intended life span is 10
years, and most of the initial funding covers a 3-4 year time period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With a government election taking place this
year and bets being placed on a change of government we will have to wait and
see whether it can hold its own in the years ahead.</div>
Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-76605958684822125482013-01-26T00:40:00.001-08:002014-01-26T18:47:18.022-08:00Freedom, Openness and Datasets: An Australia Day View<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Today, January 26th is Australia Day. This means everyone is
having a day off work, and in this ‘free’ time we can reflect how lucky we are
to live in our nation and celebrate this. The benefits and privileges of living
in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
are summed up by always having a sense of freedom and openness. This comes not
just from the physical landscape, the big wide open red desert spaces and blue
sky, but in the day to day experience of living, and the rights Australians
have.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
I was very interested to read some new research last week
which set out to rank countries on their level of ‘Freedom’ and give them a
score out of ten. The research is published in the book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.fraserinstitute.org/research-news/display.aspx?id=19170" target="_blank"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>‘Towards a Worldwide Index of Human Freedom’</strong></span></a></i>, which was released on 8 January 2013 by the Fraser Institute. Chapter 3 by
Ian Vásquez and Tanja Štumberger gives <a href="http://www.fraserinstitute.org/uploadedFiles/fraser-ca/Content/research-news/research/publications/ch3-an-index-of-freedom-in-the-world.pdf" target="_blank">‘<span style="color: purple;"><strong>An Index of Freedom in the World’</strong></span></a>.
Freedom is looked at in four areas: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Security
and Safety; Freedom of Movement; Freedom of Expression; and Relationship
Freedoms. The authors say:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“We have tried to capture the degree to which
people are free to enjoy the major civil liberties—freedom of speech, religion,
and association and assembly—in each country in our survey. In addition, we
include indicators of crime and violence, freedom of movement, and legal
discrimination against homosexuals. We also include six variables pertaining to
women’s freedom that are found in various categories of the index”.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The categories in detail are:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I. Security and
safety<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
A. Government’s threat to a
person</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
1. Extrajudicial killings</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
2. Torture</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
3. Political imprisonment</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
4. Disappearances</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
B. Society’s threat to a person</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
1. Intensity of violent conflicts</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
2. Level of organized conflict
(internal)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
3. Female genital mutilation</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
4. Son preference</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
5. Homicide</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
6. Human trafficking</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
7. Sexual violence</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
8. Assault</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
9. Level of perceived criminality</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
C. Threat to private property</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
1. Theft</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
2. Burglary</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt;">
3. Inheritance</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
D. Threat to foreigners</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">II. Movement<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
A. Forcibly displaced populations</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
B. Freedom of foreign movement</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
C. Freedom of domestic movement</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
D. Women’s freedom of movement</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">III. Expression<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
A. Press killings</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
B. Freedom of speech</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
C. Laws and regulations that
influence media content</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
D. Political pressures and
controls on media content</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
E. Dress code in public</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">IV. Relationship
freedoms<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
A. Freedom of assembly and
association</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
B. Parental authority</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
C. Government restrictions on
religion</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
D. Social hostility toward
religion</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
E. Male-to-male relationships</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
F. Female-to-female relationships</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
G. Age of consent for homosexual
couples</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
H. Adoption by homosexuals</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The country which has the best freedom in the world and comes
top in the Freedom Index is <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New
Zealand</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
comes 4th and the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region></st1:place>
18<sup>th</sup> out of 123. The table below shows the top countries. (Scores
out of 10)</div>
<br />
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<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype>I feel lucky to have lived in three of the top ranked countries.
Based on my own experience I think the rankings of <st1:country-region w:st="on">New
Zealand</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>
is right. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The countries which lack freedom and are bottom are <st1:country-region w:st="on">Zimbabwe</st1:country-region> 123rd;<sup> </sup>Burma/Myanmar 122<sup>nd</sup>;
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Pakistan</st1:country-region> 121<sup>st</sup>;
Sri-Lanka 120<sup>th</sup>; and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Syria</st1:place></st1:country-region>
119<sup>th</sup>. We feel for their citizens who often feature in our TV news. The
extract of bottom countries is below:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D4K9Lsq27DyVckV6jIoX-gsVL_0qYDg62RYy-6TYmgas-XrIgkThryAk0DUpqsoG1VYWek0uFUozwIMEl82eO39hpJpjSKWz12Y4yI4feKphBId_hYRcE3AyzwW2uizx1MpQk5lM9Esl/s1600/freedom+index+bottom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D4K9Lsq27DyVckV6jIoX-gsVL_0qYDg62RYy-6TYmgas-XrIgkThryAk0DUpqsoG1VYWek0uFUozwIMEl82eO39hpJpjSKWz12Y4yI4feKphBId_hYRcE3AyzwW2uizx1MpQk5lM9Esl/s640/freedom+index+bottom.jpg" height="403" width="640" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D4K9Lsq27DyVckV6jIoX-gsVL_0qYDg62RYy-6TYmgas-XrIgkThryAk0DUpqsoG1VYWek0uFUozwIMEl82eO39hpJpjSKWz12Y4yI4feKphBId_hYRcE3AyzwW2uizx1MpQk5lM9Esl/s1600/freedom+index+bottom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D4K9Lsq27DyVckV6jIoX-gsVL_0qYDg62RYy-6TYmgas-XrIgkThryAk0DUpqsoG1VYWek0uFUozwIMEl82eO39hpJpjSKWz12Y4yI4feKphBId_hYRcE3AyzwW2uizx1MpQk5lM9Esl/s1600/freedom+index+bottom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div style="text-align: left;" unselectable="on">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D4K9Lsq27DyVckV6jIoX-gsVL_0qYDg62RYy-6TYmgas-XrIgkThryAk0DUpqsoG1VYWek0uFUozwIMEl82eO39hpJpjSKWz12Y4yI4feKphBId_hYRcE3AyzwW2uizx1MpQk5lM9Esl/s1600/freedom+index+bottom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D4K9Lsq27DyVckV6jIoX-gsVL_0qYDg62RYy-6TYmgas-XrIgkThryAk0DUpqsoG1VYWek0uFUozwIMEl82eO39hpJpjSKWz12Y4yI4feKphBId_hYRcE3AyzwW2uizx1MpQk5lM9Esl/s1600/freedom+index+bottom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
</a><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The report is fascinating and I suggest you read it. You
might be wondering why I think this study has any relevance for librarians or
archivists. Being a librarian I most commonly associate Freedom with ‘Freedom
and Openness of Information’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
originally reading the study to see how Freedom of Information or Open
Government had been scored and ranked. However this was not included in the
study, perhaps because it wasn’t thought of it, or it was simply too hard.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
It follows that if a country is very free then a lot more
information will be generated both commercially and by the Government. This is
likely to be in the public sphere at time of creation and then remain in the
public sphere when it gets passed on/purchased/made accessible by National
Archives, Libraries and Research Institutions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
If information is not publicly accessible then countries
with a high Freedom Index score have Freedom of Information (FOI) Acts. This
enables members of the public to request to see information. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region> was the
first country to have a FOI in 1966. <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
and <st1:country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</st1:country-region> followed in
1982, and the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>
finally launched FOI in 2000. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Most of the top ranked countries in the Freedom Index are
involved in a movement known as ‘Open Government’ which started in about 2009
and basically builds on the Freedom of Information Act principles. Open Government aims to
make a concerted effort to release reports, research, statistics and data sets
into the public domain and be transparent; to involve the citizens of the
country in decision making based on the fact they would have equal access to
the same information as policy decision makers; AND for citizens to help with
information creation, collation, dissemination and interpretation. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
In June 2009 the British Prime Minister Gordon Brown
announced that Tim Berners-Lee (inventor of the Internet) would work with the
UK Government to help make data more open and accessible on the Web in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>, building on
the work of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Power of Information Task
Force.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
On his first day in Office in January 2009 Barack Obama
issued a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Memorandum on Transparency and
Open Government</i>, instructing the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) to issue an Open Government Directive, which would direct agencies
to take specific actions regarding transparency, participation, and
collaboration.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
In <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
in 2009 the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Government 2.0 Taskforce</i>
recommended that <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
should have an Open Government. The<span style="color: purple;"><strong> </strong></span><a href="http://www.finance.gov.au/policy-guides-procurement/declaration-of-open-government/" target="_blank"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>Australian Declaration of Open Government</strong></span></a>
was made in 2010. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
At this time I had a particular interest in the Australian
Declaration because it was relevant to me in my day to day work at the National
Library of Australia. It said among other things:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Collaboration with
citizens is to be enabled and encouraged. Agencies are to reduce barriers to
online engagement, undertake social networking, crowd sourcing and online
collaboration projects and support online engagement by employees…”<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
In 2011 the New Zealand Government made a <a href="http://ict.govt.nz/programme/opening-government-data-and-information/declaration-open-and-transparent-government" target="_blank">Declaration of OpenGovernment</a>. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
After these dramatic declarations by the <st1:country-region w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</st1:country-region></st1:place>
President Obama took little time to try and influence the world. In September
2011 he formed the <a href="http://www.opengovpartnership.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>‘Open Government Partnership’ (OGP)</strong></span></a>
and 8 governments joined: <st1:country-region w:st="on">Brazil</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Mexico</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Norway</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Philippines</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">South Africa</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">United
Kingdom</st1:country-region>, and <st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region>
(but not <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region> or <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</st1:country-region></st1:place>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To become a member of the OGP, participating
countries must do three things:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -2.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>embrace an agreed high-level <a href="http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/www.opengovpartnership.org/files/page_files/OGP_Declaration.pdf"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>Open
Government Declaration</strong></span></a><span style="color: purple;"><strong> </strong></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -2.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>deliver a concrete action plan, developed with
public consultation </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -2.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>commit to independent reporting on their
progress going forward </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
At last check 60 countries have now joined with 47 having delivered action
plans and 13 working on them. However <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Zealand</st1:place></st1:country-region>
are not members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Obviously it is much
easier said than done to actually implement Open Government. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pia_Waugh" target="_blank">Pia Waugh</a>,
Australian expert on Open Government has given many talks on Open Government and to read some more about the
challenges and what it really means check out her 2011 blog post <a href="http://pipka.org/2011/11/17/osdc-2011-talk-open-government-what-is-it-really/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: purple;">‘OpenGovernment: What is it really?</span></strong></a><strong><span style="color: purple;">’</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>
is notably now amending its Freedom of Information Act in consultation with the
public, to take into account the opening up of data sets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/public-leaders-network/2012/nov/24/crowdsourcing-improvements-freedom-information-act" target="_blank">More info</a>. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Perhaps the Freedom Index had trouble ranking Open
Government, so how would you do it?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Interestingly last week Craig Thomler <a href="http://www.govloop.com/profiles/blogs/infographics-how-does-australia-compare-on-government-open-data" target="_blank">reported in a blog post</a>
that he had attempted to rank countries by comparing the number of open data
sets they had released through their national government open data sites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has relied on the ‘open data’ provided on
the USA Open Data site to do this and notes that the results are a bit dubious.
Data.gov lists 41 countries as having open data websites, out of almost 200 countries.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Government Open Data sites include:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -2.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Data.gov (<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>) <a href="http://www.data.gov/"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.data.gov/</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -2.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Data.gov.uk (<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>) <a href="http://data.gov.uk/data"><span style="color: blue;">http://data.gov.uk/data</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -2.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Data NZ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://data.govt.nz/"><span style="color: blue;">http://data.govt.nz/</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -2.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Data (<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://data.gov.au/"><span style="color: blue;">http://data.gov.au/</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The ranking results of countries providing Open Data via
Government Data Sites in January 2013 are:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
1. US (378,529 data sets)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
2. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">France</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(353,226)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
3. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(273,052)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
4. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Denmark</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(23,361)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
5. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United
Kingdom</st1:place></st1:country-region> (8,957)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
6. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Singapore</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(7,754)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
7. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">South
Korea</st1:country-region></st1:place> (6,460)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
8. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Netherlands</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(5,193)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
9. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New
Zealand</st1:place></st1:country-region> (2,265)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
10. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Estonia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(1,655)</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
11. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>
(1,124)<br />
<br />
Is this really right that <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place> is 11<sup>th</sup>?
Perhaps not, because this is not the big picture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is wrong to assume that all data sets are
created by Government (although of course a lot are).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many more are created by researchers in
academia and by commercial companies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Geospatial and mapping data is a good example of this. For example if I
was looking for Open Data Sets in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> there are at least
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">8 portals I know of where I could
look. Also many more individual sites that offer their own data sets. The
portal sites listed below either publicly list or actually make available
Australian data sets.</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: purple;"><strong>Australian Data Set Portals</strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black;">Number of data sets included as at 26 January 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
53,000: National Library of Australia <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>Trove</strong></span></a> Service, mostly from the University sector</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
31,000: <a href="http://researchdata.ands.org.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>Research Data Australia</strong></span></a>, from
the Academic and Research sector</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
1,124: <a href="http://data.gov.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>Data</strong></span></a> (Department of Finance), from Federal Government Agencies.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
466: <a href="http://www.ala.org.au/"><span style="color: purple;"><strong>Atlas of Living
Australia</strong></span></a>, from Research Institutes<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
250:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://data.nsw.gov.au/">Data.nsw.gov.au</a>,
from State Government Departments</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
167:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Data.vic <a href="http://www.data.vic.gov.au/"><span style="color: blue;">www.data.vic.gov.au</span></a> <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Victoria</st1:place></st1:state>, from State Government Departments</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
78:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://data.qld.gov.au/">Data.qld.gov.au</a>,
from State Government Departments</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
72:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>DataACT <a href="http://www.data.act.gov.au/"><span style="color: blue;">www.data.act.gov.au</span></a>, from State
Government Departments</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
This takes the total figure of Australian open data sets to between
50,000 - 94,000 depending on the duplication, if any, between these sites, and
possibly moves us up to fourth position in the rankings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Duplication… that makes me want to put my
librarian hat on again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wouldn’t it be
good if the Australian Government took on the bigger challenge and picture for data sets by
utilising the knowledge and delivery services of the National Library and
National Archives of Australia. they could develop an open data set portal that
co-ordinated, listed, delivered and was searchable for ALL Australian data
sets, rather than each sector (Government, Research Institutes, Commercial,
Academic, Libraries, Archives) attempting to develop its own portal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This would much better serve the citizens of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>
who want to find, access and use the data sets. At the end of the day the main
point of the Open Government movement is about trying to better help, inform,
engage and involve our citizens. Since both the National Library and National
Archives of Australia are not only part of the Government, but also
professional organisations that have a mandate to manage information then they
have a key leadership role in Open Government and Open Data in particular. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be very interesting to see how this
area develops over the next couple of years for them.</div>
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This evening the televised 5 minute <a href="http://www.gg.gov.au/" target="_blank">2013 Australia Day Address from the Governor-General</a> talked about the importance of looking for answers to big questions, saying the
internet is often our first stop. She spoke about significant research and how
changes in technology and access to information can assist with ideas and
innovation which often translates into economic growth. Everything she said
applied to opening up data sets. </div>
<br />
The take home messages for Australian and New Zealand
Librarians and Archivists about the implications of being up there in the top
of the Freedom Index and Open Government rankings are that it means: </div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Our digital collections will grow rapidly with
this explosion of open and free digital data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>We must further develop our search and discovery
and delivery platforms to keep up with Google and ensure we maintain our
relevance in digital society.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>We need to take a lead in the Open Data movement
– most especially by being involved in development of open data portals.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>We must campaign for Digital Legal Deposit and
make it a reality for <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
as it is in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</st1:country-region></st1:place>,
to help Libraries and Archives collect published Digital Material from the
Commercial and Government sectors at point of creation. </div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Libraries and Archives are founded on freedom of
information, equal access and openness; this is our tour de force. </div>
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<span style="color: purple;"><strong>Happy <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
Day!</strong></span></div>
<br />
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<strong>Useful Extra <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Reading</st1:place></st1:city>:</strong></div>
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<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region></st1:place>
Government- Open Data White Paper: Unleashing the Potential, June 2012 <a href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/resource-library/open-data-white-paper-unleashing-potential" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/resource-library/open-data-white-paper-unleashing-potential</span></a></div>
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Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-67811267225990314272012-11-10T17:00:00.000-08:002012-11-10T17:00:36.675-08:00National Archives of Australia embraces crowdsourcing and releases ‘The Hive’.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGraE8xejGm8QfUofzFntNJiI6l1G9xi6x3QTB9NIskn0zpS6DNhHNSV_Zhyhn1YldqIQ5f9VDGVpGP-P_9sYqF5pPS8XXWpmsmvkcOfIj425QEqal0ZBsPO9QOQjdtsuzRiiu6lmog7XP/s1600/Hive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGraE8xejGm8QfUofzFntNJiI6l1G9xi6x3QTB9NIskn0zpS6DNhHNSV_Zhyhn1YldqIQ5f9VDGVpGP-P_9sYqF5pPS8XXWpmsmvkcOfIj425QEqal0ZBsPO9QOQjdtsuzRiiu6lmog7XP/s400/Hive.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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The National Archives of Australia (NAA) has made a bold
step into the cultural heritage crowdsourcing arena with <a href="http://transcribe.naa.gov.au/" target="_blank">‘The Hive’</a> which was released
two weeks ago. The brand makes a clever play on the word ‘Archive’ combined
with the idea of a hive of working bees (the public).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The site encourages the public to transcribe
archive records.</div>
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Early this year when <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/leadership/david-fricker.aspx" target="_blank">David Fricker</a> became Director General
of the NAA he was quick to encourage staff to think innovatively, embrace
change, and to harness opportunities such as crowdsourcing to improve access to
our collections. He <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/media/speeches/ica-director-generals-speech.aspx" target="_blank">publicly spoke</a> in favour of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>crowdsourcing and a changing business model
for archives at the <a href="http://www.ica2012.com/program/" target="_blank">International Council of Archives Congress</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in August:</div>
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<em>“Another key development in expanding access is
crowdsourcing. As many of us are now seeing, by allowing the public to
contribute to the description of archival resources we are enhancing the
ability of future generations to discover and learn from our archives. I also
think it is a wonderful opportunity for the public to be more engaged with us
as archives and to share in the work we do – preserving the memories of our
nations. There is still some work to do here, in order to maximise the value of
contributions and to maintain the integrity of our archives as authentic and
accurate. However, I do not believe these problems are insurmountable, and
indeed I believe these systems can to some extent be self-correcting.</em></div>
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<em>This is a type of the co-design, citizen first activity…
drawing on the interest and enthusiasm of the community to bring more of our
archives into view – discoverable and retrievable…Access will be online and
everywhere, improved by rich new data visualisation techniques and expanded
descriptive contributions from an engaged citizenry”.</em></div>
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The Hive is the Archives pilot and experimentation into the
potential of large scale transcription crowdsourcing to improve access to
records.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Staff have looked closely at
other crowdsourcing sites on offer and attempted to build on their knowledge
and techniques, to provide a site that could be used as a large scale platform
for a variety of transcription crowdsourcing projects. </div>
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At present the site offers just over 800 lists for the
public to transcribe. Some of these are typed and some handwritten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are rated in difficulty as easy, medium
or hard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Part of the difficulty with
this project is that the public need to have some understanding of how archives
receive and describe their records to make sense of what they are being asked
to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In simple terms archives receive
vast amounts of records (referred to as consignments).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each consignment comes with a list of the
items in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However because of the
large volume of records being received it is usual that only the consignment
record is entered into the catalogue e.g. ‘100 boxes of plans and drawings’
from x government agency, rather than all the individual items on the consignment
list being described in the catalogue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
ideal scenario for users of the archives is that every item e.g. plan and
drawing is described on the catalogue so that it can be found.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without this a lot of guess work goes into
finding relevant things, or alternatively personal visits are required to view
the hard copy consignment lists. </div>
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The project that the archives is undertaking
is to digitise consignment lists and then make them available for transcription
by the public. Once transcribed they become searchable and the items within
them can be found more easily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because
so many of the lists are old and handwritten it is virtually impossible to get
good OCR on them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s where the
public come in who can read them with the human eye. Also the time of the
public is needed to speed up the access. Projections on the time it would take
archives staff to describe the lists without public help currently stand at 210
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is anticipated that a member
of the public could with relative ease describe several hundred items per hour
with the Hive tool, which would make a big difference, especially if there was
a swarm.</div>
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The consignment lists in the pilot are those that have
proved most popular with researchers and contain items in the ‘open period’,
that is older than 30 years and now open to the public.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The top interest is lists of architectural
drawings and historic buildings. This is closely followed by PNG patrol officer
records, maritime incidents, personal records from the war office, prisoners of
war, meteorology and cyclones, WW1 intelligence, and oil drilling on the <st1:place w:st="on">Great Barrier Reef</st1:place>. </div>
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In the first 2 weeks 300 records have been transcribed of
the 800. There is a definite preference for the lists rated hard (handwritten)
and ones that involve names.</div>
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The site is well presented and gives volunteer transcribers
things we know they want such as progress chart, recent activity, points
scoring system, rewards, optional login using Open ID e.g. their Google ID,
ability to search and choose items, or just take the next one served up, to
pick easy or difficult items, to add a marker for where they got to if they are
interrupted, and to favourite records.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The only slight drawback is the placing of the transcription window at
the bottom of the screen rather than right or left, which often means it is
hard to see the transcription window and the content you are transcribing at
the same time. Also the OCR text in the transcription window and the cursor is
not hooked directly to the text in the image so it is easy to get lost whilst
transcribing sometimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is largely
because most of the lists are in tables, and the table rows and columns have
not been retained in the OCR, so the OCR is somewhat muddled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Further development of the site will largely
depend on feedback given by the public users, and the ability of the archives
to keep up a steady supply of new, interesting digitised consignment lists to
the Hive. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Archives is still considering
how it may be able to integrate the public content back into its main catalogue
<a href="http://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/SearchScreens/AdvSearchMain.aspx" target="_blank">RecordSearch</a>, or integrate the Hive into RecordSearch. In the meantime the list
content will remain searchable in the Hive.</div>
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There is obviously an expectation from the Archives that by
making its content more discoverable it will lead to more access requests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is why at point of transcription there
is a button which enables the user to request a copy of the item.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These requests are being met by digitising
the item, and then uploading them into the main catalogue ‘RecordSearch’ with
the full item description. </div>
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I congratulate the National Archives of Australia Access
Team on the development of this exciting new site, which holds so much
potential to improve access to records and engage with our citizens in new
ways.</div>
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The screenshots below show the site in action:</div>
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Easy level transcription- Archived drawings<br />
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Medium Level Transcription - ABC Drama Scripts</div>
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Difficult level transcription - Plans</div>
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Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-464341890615638112012-10-02T16:30:00.000-07:002012-10-02T16:33:48.200-07:00Digital Motor Archive available free for the month of October in return for…...<br />
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It came to my notice last week that a publisher in the <st1:country -region="-region" w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country> had
digitised both the current and back issues of their magazine the ‘Commercial
Motor’ which in its early life was a newspaper. In the cut throat world of
publishing there are few publishers left that are still publishing the same
title they were 100 years ago, and who also have a complete set of back
copies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they fall into this bracket
they are in the unique position of being able to either digitise the content
themselves for their readers (usually at a loss); offer it to a library to
digitise (at no cost); or sell it to a commercial e-vendor to package with
another product for academia (and make a profit).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately most choose the latter, which
makes this type of content only really accessible to academics and students via
academic libraries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E-vendors normally
charge high subscription rates to digitised magazines and newspapers and
package them up with other content, making it only viable for large
universities and national libraries to purchase, and therefore severely
restricting readership to the content. </div>
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Not a lot of publishers are digitising their own content
because generally speaking the cost of preparation, digitisation and OCR, and
building a good website to deliver the content outweigh the amount of money
they would ever recuperate from reader subscriptions. Normally a subscription
to the current copy would be packaged up with old copies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that’s where the model fails, because
often current readers have no interest in the old stuff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People who do have an interest in the old
stuff are generally a different group of people – historians, researchers
etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The exception to this rule appears
to be anything to do with hobbies such as knitting, cooking, railways, cars, and
stamps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The Commercial Motor Archive <a href="http://archive.commercialmotor.com/"><span style="color: blue;">http://archive.commercialmotor.com/</span></a>
came to my notice because it is available for free for the month of October and
I wondered why. It is a rich archive going from 1905 to the present day,
covering a complete century and two world wars, well illustrated and with
everything you ever wanted to know about commercial vehicles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3BTKtgLsVXD6CDnBuejIGorkrrlvIy4Z24opCJjFYx2VkdYwwJv2BhyfhCL7zVLmNX2mi4sUaMqSxcNsxOc1PGKHUjV6BHPrFUxpSBfZlds_cKQJcc6b6TOb6M7xWRtOz65eiCtPKbpjY/s1600/motor2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="372" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3BTKtgLsVXD6CDnBuejIGorkrrlvIy4Z24opCJjFYx2VkdYwwJv2BhyfhCL7zVLmNX2mi4sUaMqSxcNsxOc1PGKHUjV6BHPrFUxpSBfZlds_cKQJcc6b6TOb6M7xWRtOz65eiCtPKbpjY/s640/motor2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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The search and browse mechanism is very impressive and works
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example articles on pages have
been zoned so you can search and find the article easily within a page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has many similarities to the hugely
popular Australian Newspapers <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper"><span style="color: blue;">http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper</span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The page displays alongside the OCR text to
make it easier to read. You can browse covers, browse by date, and zoom in on
pages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Results can be filtered. Users
can add comments and tags.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The quality
of the OCR text and therefore search is very good. </div>
<br />
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It has one thing that was never implemented on Australian
Newspapers (though often asked for by users) which is a little box on each page
called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">‘Report an error’ </b>and this is
the reason for its free access.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The site
owner is hoping that as people use and read the pages in the archive they will
report errors as they see them, and for this they get free access to the
content.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The known errors that need to
be identified are incomplete articles (where the zoning has gone wrong); OCR
text error in headlines of articles; and OCR errors in text. However readers
can only report them, not actually fix them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The site states:</div>
<br />
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“the archive is beta because it isn’t perfect at the moment
and there are a few glitches to be ironed out. Every article page has a
'Noticed an error?' button you can use to report a problem. Please don’t expect
an immediate change to the error - we gather all the reports together and
prioritise them, fixing the most pressing errors first.”</div>
<br />
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It sounds like they don’t know how many errors there are,
how many people will report errors, and who and how the errors will be
fixed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interesting. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3KDVrnHioENU0oMo4-gngjzi3IN9eiM3BXkZAVveF1X8QlybnjtBTYHKL81D7KROZyhIEfEEWBLo-DJZ11Q1cho0WE6NNF3KvVFBwLxta9XapQK-h0NKOOY9aDuxJS0mqdqSNlco0JCm4/s1600/motor4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3KDVrnHioENU0oMo4-gngjzi3IN9eiM3BXkZAVveF1X8QlybnjtBTYHKL81D7KROZyhIEfEEWBLo-DJZ11Q1cho0WE6NNF3KvVFBwLxta9XapQK-h0NKOOY9aDuxJS0mqdqSNlco0JCm4/s640/motor4.jpg" width="436" /></a></div>
<br />
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Although the ‘report an error’ button was never implemented
on Australian Newspapers (it was mainly needed to report upside down and
duplicate pages) it had already been decided that a ‘super user’ would be the
person to review these reports and take action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In a world where some volunteer text correctors wanted to take on extra
responsibility and have special roles like the hierarchy in the Wikipedia
editors community this would have been a good thing for trusted volunteers to
do. </div>
<br />
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The Commercial Motor Archive has impressed me because they
are clearly striving for perfection, they understand that the fewer mistakes there
are the better the search will be and they have taken a brave step by asking
the public to help in return for free access.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is indeed unusual for a commercial publisher, belonging more in the
realms of libraries and archives and referred to as crowdsourcing……</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPVenna-0K4qqNg7EdpHoca1wJjnIr6CpcyKQj-Pnx-4lsoswt7jtEDkyQzuzKSQvCiy2qnblXyYJbzldYUg-IN_Su2eGcZMeuCEeoHy_33G4GPwL94cxe_xMzZdzgJTBKQl9kLkoDniY/s1600/motor3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPVenna-0K4qqNg7EdpHoca1wJjnIr6CpcyKQj-Pnx-4lsoswt7jtEDkyQzuzKSQvCiy2qnblXyYJbzldYUg-IN_Su2eGcZMeuCEeoHy_33G4GPwL94cxe_xMzZdzgJTBKQl9kLkoDniY/s640/motor3.jpg" width="388" /></a></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-22590548705722159522012-08-26T02:13:00.000-07:002012-08-26T02:13:07.076-07:00Digital vandalism or just good fun? The Prado comes to Brisbane<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Since I was attending the <a href="http://www.ica2012.com/" target="_blank">International Congress of Archives</a>
(ICA 2012) in <st1:city w:st="on">Brisbane</st1:city> last week I had
the opportunity to visit the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Queensland</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Art</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Gallery</st1:placename></st1:place>
which is a stone’s throw from the Brisbane Convention Centre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As an added bonus all conference attendees
got a discounted entry to the <a href="http://qagoma.qld.gov.au/exhibitions/current/portrait_of_spain_masterpieces_from_the_prado" target="_blank">‘Portrait of Spain’ Exhibition</a>, which has 100 paintings from the Prado, <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Madrid</st1:place></st1:state>
on show. </div>
<br />
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I was surprised to see that visitors were encouraged to get
their iphones out at the start of the tour. The primary reason was to take a
photo of yourself against a backdrop of a Prado gallery, so that you could
pretend to friends you had actually been to the Prado. The ticket collector obliged
and took my photo:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirbF7IT4BXoG2jN4AJGyVszXvDLZrWWO5iVSpuEVY7t5JeUWqEeJE4ANqZbAh1_X_xe6UXkMuIsnNbb_l_slXQCt5Q1qgbyTv_rfH7QmPZehpihaRp2ko579YI7-tOjqW3CHeDtE1sRJ8P/s1600/IMG_0916.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirbF7IT4BXoG2jN4AJGyVszXvDLZrWWO5iVSpuEVY7t5JeUWqEeJE4ANqZbAh1_X_xe6UXkMuIsnNbb_l_slXQCt5Q1qgbyTv_rfH7QmPZehpihaRp2ko579YI7-tOjqW3CHeDtE1sRJ8P/s640/IMG_0916.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p> </o:p><br />
As I approached the first painting a security guard then
warned me that photos were not allowed, with or without flash, and I should put
my iphone away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the next painting
when I commented to another visitor how little description was provided beside
paintings another security guard overheard and said ‘oh you can use your iphone’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now somewhat perplexed I asked again if I
could take a photo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘No, but you can
scan the <a href="http://www.internetics.net.au/services/qag-goma/" target="_blank">QR codes beside the paintings</a> which tell you more information about
them’. [If you don't know what QR codes are and how galleries and museums use them <a href="http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/documents/briefing-61/html/" target="_blank">read this</a> short explanation].<br />
<br />
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I couldn’t be bothered with that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is, until I got to a breathtaking
painting that had absolutely no explanation about why it took your breathe
away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The painting appeared to be of a
man (with hairy forearms, moustache, thick neck) but dressed in formal women’s court
clothing with a bust. The description had no mention about this surprising phenomena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At that point I got my iphone out and checked
the QR code.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Disappointingly still no
info on the surprise, simply that the artist had ‘a good eye for detail and had
painted the hair well. The woman was graceless and had a less than feminine
appearance’. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I made a note of the painting
to look it up afterwards and see if anyone else had more information on the
person in it that they were willing to candidly share. Perhaps a Wikipedia
entry? The painting is called <strong>Senora de Delicado de Imaz</strong> by Vincent Lopez
Portana from the Spanish Court of 1833.</div>
<br />
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On leaving the exhibition I felt in dire need of a cup of
tea so headed towards what I thought was the café, only to be blocked by a
guard who demanded to see my entry ticket (yes there are a lot of guards).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I queried why I should need to show my entry
ticket to partake of tea and was told that this café was themed with Spanish
food (?). I was about to turn away when she also mentioned that the photo
booths were included in the ticket price.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Being a sucker for a photo I couldn’t resist so passed through the
checkpoint having no idea what the photo booth would do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Well – talk about surprise!! You are absolutely not allowed
to take a photo of a painting in an art gallery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The answer usually given is because of
copyright or mis-use or inappropriate use of images. Clearly the images in the
Prado exhibition are out of copyright dating from 1500-1800. Images of them are
sold in the gift shop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However the
photo-booth allowed me to stick my own face into a selection of the Prado
portraits (in a similar way to sticking your head through a funfair cardboard
cut out of Popeye and Olive) and create my own digital image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all the high brow gallery poppycock I
have heard over the years about galleries digitising images and rules they have made up around this, I was staggered and
thrilled to be able to do this <strong><em>fun activity</em></strong> (which I think is probably aimed at
children!).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the most fun I have
had for a while and my first foray into what is commonly called <strong><em>‘digital
vandalism’</em></strong> or <strong><em>mis-appropriate use of digital artworks.</em></strong> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
It made me recall the battle that Wikipedia had with art
galleries and use of images over a long duration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On one particular occasion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Wittylama" target="_blank">Liam Wyatt</a> the VP
of Wikimedia Australia spoke about how the public were not allowed to take or
share photos of artworks for invalid reasons of copyright ownership or
inappropriate or commercial use of images, but then the galleries or museums in
question would use the same images themselves to make things like ties or mugs
for a profit in the gift shop. This was such a case exactly, but more extreme
than any I have yet seen. In case you are in doubt – I am endorsing the
activity offered in the photo booths at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Queensland</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Art</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Gallery</st1:placename></st1:place>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The e-mail I received with my bastardised
portrait also had an animated version… where things like my hand and head moved
– crikey! The experience led <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>me to formally
write to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Queensland</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Art</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Gallery</st1:placename></st1:place>
(via their online form) and ask them why if I can do this I was not allowed to
take a photo without flash of the same painting in the exhibition?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was 7 days ago and I still have not had
a reply….</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Incidentally <strong>I cannot find a Wikipedia entry for the
portrait of Senora de Delicado de Imaz</strong>, or anything about her life and
circumstance which I am sure is most interesting. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could also not find a really good digital
print online that matched the real life experience of seeing the painting. I
did manage however to take a photo of the painting myself via the photo
booth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For some strange reason the photo
booth kept offering me this painting as the perfect match to put my face into.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv728l0Uc9QXIDapfk6_cZhGO19j1wOzTq84INXQtf7bxzhkvl38nExA1zosPa2BgrlElkyMmYnqsJwbXRQVNRkMIMEV5OZuI8151UiFCt4FCoTCW1TDoK15OtJ3QpC1JwN5ggxjUaYWWt/s1600/IMG_0921.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv728l0Uc9QXIDapfk6_cZhGO19j1wOzTq84INXQtf7bxzhkvl38nExA1zosPa2BgrlElkyMmYnqsJwbXRQVNRkMIMEV5OZuI8151UiFCt4FCoTCW1TDoK15OtJ3QpC1JwN5ggxjUaYWWt/s640/IMG_0921.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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However I preferred to go with a much more regal match. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiu7yzcr1J3kDq7hbTeAJJFnpayCy4giBfIEcwwV-VixMDe15gw4H-hM5HF8qgNSQNxEhPWlZmMYRizUf0eW2sUtUpAP7OZK-GpvcWB3-3TxqhkloddfP74xhD3pFIBDEJNvx0VgRZThG-/s1600/prado.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiu7yzcr1J3kDq7hbTeAJJFnpayCy4giBfIEcwwV-VixMDe15gw4H-hM5HF8qgNSQNxEhPWlZmMYRizUf0eW2sUtUpAP7OZK-GpvcWB3-3TxqhkloddfP74xhD3pFIBDEJNvx0VgRZThG-/s640/prado.jpg" width="544" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p>Me with my head digitally stuck into the portrait of <strong>La infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia Magdalena Ruiz</strong> by Alonso Sanchez Coello 1588.</o:p><br />
<o:p>The animation had me fiddling with my minature and the monkeys.....</o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-64030675352109742722012-08-25T19:58:00.000-07:002012-08-25T19:58:34.906-07:00Crowdsourcing and Social Media at US National Archives (NARA). The Citizen Archivist Dashboard
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Last week I attended the <a href="http://www.ica2012.com/index.php" target="_blank">International Congress of Archives</a>
(ICA 2012)
which was held in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Brisbane</st1:place></st1:city>.
Over 1,000 Archivists from 93 countries attended. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The much anticipated opening keynote on the first day was
given by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ferriero" target="_blank">David Ferriero</a> </div>
head of US National Archives. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is the first librarian to become a National
Archivist, previously being in charge of New York Public Library and known for promoting
use of social media and relationships with Google and Wikipedia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His talk was called ‘A world of social media’.
I was looking forward to hearing what the US National Archives are doing with
social media and crowdsourcing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People
were generally of the opinion that this organisation will/is leading by example
in this field. <br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
David Ferriero took to the stage and took us by
surprise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He only used 20 minutes of his
40 minute slot, gave no presentation, instead reading from his notes at
breakneck speed and bombarding us with statistics that were largely out of
context. At the end he took no questions and dashed off the stage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He left a surprised and bewildered audience
behind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I for one was immensely
disappointed not to see and hear more about some of the exciting US Archives
activities. He of course may have had mitigating circumstances that I am
totally unaware of. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did however give
small tasters of what his organisation is doing. There was brief mention of
large scale crowdsourcing on unspecified projects, a citizen archivists
dashboard, and a relationship with Wikipedia which peaked my interest. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
So I decided to follow up online and find out for myself
what may be happening at <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city>.
I took me quite some time to search the internet and blogs and get the
information I had hoped David would give in his keynote, but it was worth it. Here
is what I found: </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">1. Citizen Archivist Dashboard Webpage </span></strong><a href="http://www.archives.gov/citizen-archivist/"><span style="color: #386199;">http://www.archives.gov/citizen-archivist/</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
In January 2012 the US National Archives launched the <a href="http://www.archives.gov/citizen-archivist/"><span style="color: #386199;">Citizen Archivist Dashboard</span></a>.
This is a great webpage bringing all the online and physical social engagement
and crowdsourcing activities together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is easy for someone to see what options they may have to help the US
National Archives. It is very clearly designed and I like it a lot.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00o0I37SgM5AU_82KB73V84L6Zo6Ox5ga2Jy4LDpxDaoVjmnnxcWXp1N-6TGIVhJ29-wBW2fJ81CHu8auXGqIhXRbsBHNbY31bcJgjfhYr5f77cyIQvHJ28HqVL51l_EpTHAof8c0RNeC/s1600/nara2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="411" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00o0I37SgM5AU_82KB73V84L6Zo6Ox5ga2Jy4LDpxDaoVjmnnxcWXp1N-6TGIVhJ29-wBW2fJ81CHu8auXGqIhXRbsBHNbY31bcJgjfhYr5f77cyIQvHJ28HqVL51l_EpTHAof8c0RNeC/s640/nara2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">2. Transcription Projects</span></strong> </div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: magenta;"><strong>US National Archives Tool </strong></span><a href="http://transcribe.archives.gov/"><span style="color: #386199;">http://transcribe.archives.gov/</span></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
There are two transcription projects going on for
handwritten records. Firstly the National Archives<a href="http://transcribe.archives.gov/" title="Transcription Pilot Project"><span style="color: #386199;">
Transcription Pilot Project</span></a>. It appears still to be in ‘pilot’ mode
(started in January 2012) since only 300 documents (about 1,000 pages) are
available for transcription. They have been very carefully selected from a
collection of billions of pages and graded by colour codes according to how
difficult the handwriting is to read. This pre-selection must have taken very
valuable staff time. You can browse or search by difficulty of transcription, year,
and the status of transcription: “Not Yet Started,” “Partially Transcribed,”
and “Completed.” You then choose a page to work on and then that page is
blocked to other users, so it’s not being edited by multiple users at the same
time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The interface is very simple, much
like the Australian Newspapers. In a free text box beside the image you can
transcribe what you see. No login is required, though you do have to complete a
captcha.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The missing part is that I can’t see how many people have
transcribed what.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not clear if the
documents disappear from here when fully transcribed, and how and where they
become full text searchable in the collection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It also seems to be a time consuming process for <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city> staff to do the pre-selection and
difficulty rating of the documents. This is of course a very small pilot and
hopefully lessons will be learnt and the site will be developed further to
reach it’s full potential. Also it would be good if more documents became
available for transcription. This is one of the easiest handwritten
transcription tools I have seen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could
not find any information about who developed the tool and if it is available
open source.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Interestingly David Ferriero says that many <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country -region="-region" w:st="on">US</st1:country></st1:place> school
children are no longer taught cursive handwriting and therefore cannot read
handwriting. He says ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Help us transcribe
records and guarantee that school children can make use of our documents’.</i>
I’m not quite clear if he thinks this is a potential crowdsourcing exercise for
school children to learn handwriting and become better educated, or if adults
are supposed to do it so that school children can just read the finished text.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwI989BpE6UvSrwIOZuUmDXurwU0uEV9dKsK9DT-1FM8bI1_8FTmNCSJRs85NFNCSAbzTVp0Lz4kUOjXbSV7h4YEXcaECPdJaoafZzoF6Pq_3rOyu-dcpEoeoswiu4Ikz95GkWcmV5BIP4/s1600/NARA1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwI989BpE6UvSrwIOZuUmDXurwU0uEV9dKsK9DT-1FM8bI1_8FTmNCSJRs85NFNCSAbzTVp0Lz4kUOjXbSV7h4YEXcaECPdJaoafZzoF6Pq_3rOyu-dcpEoeoswiu4Ikz95GkWcmV5BIP4/s640/NARA1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: magenta;"><strong>Wikisource Tool for Wikiproject <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city>. </strong></span><a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:WikiProject_NARA"><span style="color: #386199;">http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:WikiProject_NARA</span></a></li>
</ul>
The National Archives have developed a relationship with the
Wikipedia Community and currently have a Wikipedian in residence. As part of
that program they have shared some primary handwritten national documents into
‘Wikisource’ for transcription via the Wikisource Tool. These documents are
mostly at the beginner level in terms of difficulty. I’m not clear if they are
the same ones in being used in the Archives own pilot, or different documents.
I’m also not clear why they are piloting two different methods for
transcription, or what the initial results are compared to each other.
Wikisource offers more than transcription however, Wikipedians (if they can get
access to original documents or copies) can also scan documents and OCR them. <br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">3. Scanning Projects</span></strong></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: magenta;"><strong>Scanathons</strong></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
For reasons I don’t understand the US National Archives has
only digitised 750,000 of its 40 million images. This is a very low figure for
an organisation like this. They seem to be focusing quite a lot of effort on
getting physical volunteers to come in person to the Archives to digitise/scan
images for them at ‘Scanathons’. This started in 2011. In January 2012 there
was a 4 day <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup/NARA_4"><span style="color: #386199;">Wikipedia
ExtravaSCANza</span></a>. Over the 4 days a group of Wikipedians met in the Still
Pictures Research Room and scanned 500 images on desktop scanners. Each day
there was a theme: NASA, women’s history, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country -region="-region" w:st="on">Chile</st1:country></st1:place>, and battleships.<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: magenta;"><strong>Photograph it yourself </strong></span><a href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/citizenarchivist/"><span style="color: #386199;">http://www.flickr.com/groups/citizenarchivist/</span></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city>
encourages readers to take their own photos of records in the reading rooms and
upload them to a special group in Flickr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The important thing here is that they should also be described with
title, series, and record group if possible so they can be found. So far only
20 people have joined the group and 133 photos have been uploaded (most of
these by the same person). I’m not clear how <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city> intends to link these digital images
back to the item descriptions in their collections but this is a great idea to
tackle large scale digitisation of images.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0JKKHlt3GuP4wzXVx0OPntPKA0d1vPbFK1LekdDzg2_KD0ElFqJHQEZzygAdpjNDa5tF6Rbx2iRaIsR3MIYUjfRaE70J3rz_Ezf68iMRlZ55cPs9zJaUcIHhvRdBRjpLxhXi3emTY5SMj/s1600/nara3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0JKKHlt3GuP4wzXVx0OPntPKA0d1vPbFK1LekdDzg2_KD0ElFqJHQEZzygAdpjNDa5tF6Rbx2iRaIsR3MIYUjfRaE70J3rz_Ezf68iMRlZ55cPs9zJaUcIHhvRdBRjpLxhXi3emTY5SMj/s640/nara3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: blue;"><strong>4. Tag it Tuesdays </strong></span><a href="http://blogs.archives.gov/online-public-access/?cat=260"><span style="color: #386199;">http://blogs.archives.gov/online-public-access/?cat=260</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The tagging facility, unlike the other pilots seems to me to
be unlikely to succeed in its objectives. This is perhaps because of the tight
controls that have been placed around it and the isolation of the activity from
normal search and browse behaviour. Whilst anyone can easily transcribe a
record without needing to login the process for tagging is difficult.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The activity is focused on Tuesdays and themed around a
topic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Records for the topic are
pre-selected by the Archives and available in an online group e.g. Elvis,
Titanic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Volunteers must register and
follow a set of guidelines; Tags will be reviewed by <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">NARA</st1:city></st1:place> staff before being accepted and going
live on the database. I looked at the topics and it was unclear to me why if
the Archives had already identified the items as being about Elvis they
couldn’t simply generate an automatic tag for ‘Elvis’. In my opinion tagging is
not actually a crowdsourcing activity because individuals are motivated to add
tags to help themselves find things, it is a by product of search. Research
shows it is rare for users to have concensus on tag terms and use. Crowdsourcing
activities achieve a big clear goal that could not be achieved by individuals
alone, and everyone in the crowd should be aware of how they are helping the
ultimate goal. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">5. Indexing the 1940 Census</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
On April 2, 2012, <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city>
released the digital images of the 1940 United States Federal Census after a 72
year embargo. The census images will be uploaded and made available on <a href="http://www.archives.com/GA.aspx?_act=homePage&cam=2665"><span style="color: #386199;">Archives.com</span></a>,
<a href="http://findmypast.com/"><span style="color: #386199;">FindMyPast.com</span></a>, <a href="http://1940census.archives.gov/"><span style="color: #386199;">National Archives</span></a>, <a href="http://www.proquest.com/en-US/catalogs/databases/detail/heritagequest.shtml"><span style="color: #386199;">ProQuest</span></a>,
and <a href="http://familysearch.org/1940census"><span style="color: #386199;">FamilySearch.org</span></a>. The
entire 1940 census data will be indexed by a community of volunteers and made
available for free. The free index of the census records and corresponding
images will be available to the public for perpetuity. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">6. Useful Links</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
I found a recent presentation given this year by Pamela
Wright – Chief Digital Access Strategist at <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city> which gives screenshots of what I have
talked about above. <a href="http://www.archives.gov/social-media/pdf/mcgowan_forum_psw_11-4-11.pdf" target="_blank">‘From access to engagement’</a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="color: blue;">7. Social Media</span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city>
are active users of social media channels and they have started to monitor
their activity. The <a href="http://www.archives.gov/social-media/reports/social-media-stats-fy-2012-05.pdf" target="_blank">Social media statistics from <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city> May 2012</a> may be interesting reading for
some.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
I would be interested in reading more presentations or
articles about the citizen archivist pilot projects from <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NARA</st1:place></st1:city> and finding out what they have achieved
and learnt so far. I hope this information is made available to the archives
and library community soon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please reply
in comment if you have any more information on the pilot activities. </div>
Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-69664307262690420622012-06-17T06:14:00.000-07:002012-06-17T07:11:25.301-07:00If only they would crowdsource! – Diamond Jubilee - Royal Archives at Windsor Castle<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Many years ago I worked for a software company installing
the first archive management systems into large <st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region>
archives such as the London Metropolitan Archives, Cumbria Archives at <st1:placename w:st="on">Carlisle</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Castle</st1:placetype>
and the Royal Archives at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Windsor</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Castle</st1:placetype></st1:place>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a challenging time for archives going
from paper systems to computer systems, in fact very similar to the challenges
archives now face transitioning from managing paper records to born digital
records.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ironically I have just returned
again to the archives sector and am now working at the National Archives of
Australia on the second challenge. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
When the first computer systems were installed in archives it
often came as a shock to archivists to discover that when the system was
installed it would be ‘empty’ and their records would not somehow miraculously
appear in the system. This was the first piece of news I usually had to convey
in training before showing an online process for acquisitions. I particularly
remember that at the Royal Archives they estimated with their current staff of
4 it would take them 700 years to record their archive collection into their
new system, and they were somewhat despondent to say the least. Nevertheless
the Queen was pleased with the install of the first computerised system at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Windsor</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Castle</st1:placetype></st1:place> and awarded the software company
I worked for the Royal Warrant, which meant we could use the Royal Coat of Arms
on our letterhead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The warrant is more
often seen on pots of jam and pickle than on software. The celebration of
implementation party at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Windsor</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Castle</st1:placetype></st1:place> with members of
the Royal Household and staff was one to remember.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
The <st1:placename w:st="on">Round</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Tower</st1:placetype> at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Windsor</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Castle</st1:placetype></st1:place> contained every
hand written record every monarch and members of their household had ever created. Queen <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Victoria</st1:place></st1:state>’s collection
was particularly large.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Royal
Archives could only be contacted by letter and each year less than 10 well
vetted members of the public were allowed to access a very restricted and
pre-agreed part of the collection under strict supervision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because it was largely uncatalogued,
described or known there was a terrible fear of what a member of the public
might find in the archives. This was understandable since household records such as the cost of banquets were intermingled with personal letters and diaries. From the public's point of view the archive is that of our Kings and Queens and we would like to access it, but from HRH's view it is her private family archive. Although it is now more acceptable to expose skeletons in the family closet and programs such as "Who do you think you are" promote this, there is probably a reticence from aristocracy and royalty to do this. The Royal Archives is one
of the richest, most interesting and significant collections ever created. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It could aptly be described as a pot of gold –
an absolute treasure trove. The archivists were aware of this and some
of the treasures within it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Royal
Library at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Windsor</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Castle</st1:placetype></st1:place> was in a similar situation
and also had extremely restricted access.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because I have always championed access to archive and library
collections I felt very sad whenever I thought of the treasures locked up and
hidden (literally) at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Windsor</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Castle</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
I was very interested therefore to read about a new
development at the Royal Archives timed to coincide with the Diamond Jubilee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Queen released this message:</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“In this the year of
my Diamond Jubilee, I am delighted to be able to present, for the first time,
the complete on-line collection of Queen Victoria's journals from the Royal
Archives. These diaries cover the period from Queen <st1:state w:st="on">Victoria</st1:state>'s
childhood days to her Accession to the Throne, marriage to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Prince Albert</st1:place></st1:city>, and later, her Golden and
Diamond Jubilees. Thirteen volumes in <st1:state w:st="on">Victoria</st1:state>'s
own hand survive, and the majority of the remaining volumes were transcribed
after Queen <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Victoria</st1:place></st1:state>'s
death by her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, on her mother's
instructions. It seems fitting that the subject of the first major public
release of material from the Royal Archives is Queen Victoria, who was the
first Monarch to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee. It is hoped that this historic
collection will make a valuable addition to the unique material already held by
the Bodleian Libraries at Oxford University, and will be used to enhance our
knowledge and understanding of the past.”<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw5wEBm22OIsNMyF7qgiLYb6zQzUVGQOD0_zfmeLpvnVZQZb614tJBw8-PVg7GRxR0mItj1xJmnisdbZdrcuXttqIAjnUgzejX0NsqOZ8EKIAWslRsGLIAS454gZ7I2lHZEP7rnkgSudI3/s1600/HRH.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw5wEBm22OIsNMyF7qgiLYb6zQzUVGQOD0_zfmeLpvnVZQZb614tJBw8-PVg7GRxR0mItj1xJmnisdbZdrcuXttqIAjnUgzejX0NsqOZ8EKIAWslRsGLIAS454gZ7I2lHZEP7rnkgSudI3/s640/HRH.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
I was intrigued by this and immediately found the website <a href="http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org/home.do"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org/home.do</span></a>
which tells us a lot more about Queen Victoria’s diaries and that this was a
project undertaken in conjunction with the Bodleian Library at Oxford and
Pro-Quest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However on looking further it
was a bit disappointing since although every page of all the journals has been
scanned they have not all been transcribed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because they are all handwritten, they won’t be fully text searchable
until they are all transcribed, a process which at present is most effectively
done by the human hand and eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
website doesn’t give any indication of when or how they will be transcribed
that I could see, although it says it ‘is in progress’. So far only the first
diary has been transcribed, by whom I am not sure. I bet the project is only
letting academics do it, who will be paid lots of money and progress very
slowly. There is a lot to do: 1832- 1901 since Queen <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Victoria</st1:place></st1:state> wrote her diary every day.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
If ever I saw a collection that was so well-suited to
crowdsourcing for public transcription this is it!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could guarantee that in a few days or weeks
all of Queen <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on">Victoria</st1:state></st1:place>’s
diaries would be transcribed by a willing and fascinated public. The
handwriting is hard to decipher but with thousands of eyes, and amateur/professional
genealogists and historians used to reading old writing, that are highly
motivated I am sure it could be achieved. I feel excited just imagining it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But why stop there?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What about the rest of the collection - the offical royal records and the personal records?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When is that going to come out of hiding? It’s
just crying out for public description, tagging and transcribing. If only.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If only. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Extract of Queen <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Victoria</st1:place></st1:state>’s
diary.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVcbIBGcY0J19g_-HWNC2alF_Isa8XFBkdcHhYG5MI4AwtD2yI8-JY1cUcMWjrBG0ALoLbG8l6Npf1UEdAQ0lxhz71vI0czTuetteBhjlFxyg70QtpRBDW76X32TnmYQEoSIT5ghUVyPLS/s1600/Queen+vic+extract.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVcbIBGcY0J19g_-HWNC2alF_Isa8XFBkdcHhYG5MI4AwtD2yI8-JY1cUcMWjrBG0ALoLbG8l6Npf1UEdAQ0lxhz71vI0czTuetteBhjlFxyg70QtpRBDW76X32TnmYQEoSIT5ghUVyPLS/s640/Queen+vic+extract.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Then thinking I would come back later and have another look
I was most disappointed to read that following the example set by the British
Library with its <st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region>
digitised newspapers the intent is to restrict access to the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region> only, and to
charge for access from July.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So loyal
British subjects living in Commonwealth Countries, and academic researchers –
you only have 14 more days to look at this for free, or at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Great shame!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But congratulations to whoever it was behind the scenes that convinced
HRH to release the diaries from the Royal Archives, and who set up and managed
the project with the Bodleian and Pro-Quest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bravo!!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps we just need to
beg and grovel for more content and offer our unconditional help to get it for
free.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Photo by Rose. June 2012. After participating in Trooping the Colour for
the Queens Birthday in <st1:city w:st="on">Canberra</st1:city>, Irish Guard
Cliff Doidge (who plays the clarinet in the Royal Military Band and is on
exchange from <st1:city w:st="on">London</st1:city> to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> for 4
months) stands beside Lake Burley Griffin with the National Library of
Australia behind.</div>
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<br /></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-60216247640802620232012-05-08T20:40:00.000-07:002012-07-05T14:52:56.291-07:00Libraries harnessing the cognitive surplus of the nationIt was with great pleasure that I accepted an invitation to lunch at the Parliament of New South Wales last week with <a href="http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/resourcesSystemTheGovernorofNewSouthWales" target="_blank">Her Excellency Marie Bashir,</a> the Governor of NSW. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lunch was in memory of <a href="http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/arnot-jean-fleming-14114" target="_blank">Jean Arnot</a>, forward thinking librarian. In her memory each year a female librarian is awarded a prize for the best essay on librarianship. This year I was the <a href="http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/about/awards/arnot.html" target="_blank">JeanArnot Memorial Fellowship</a> prize winner for my essay: <strong><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">‘Harnessing the cognitive surplus of the nation: new opportunities for libraries in a time of change’.</span></em></strong><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWAbk6kVEnqO_anCVVEtYp51Di-Pi90TcKN6fQOzM0_hLxpTv-RkZX1aqqETePtSD63XhLswS8J2t7cTuOJVaWrlxRm2nByD1mGkgLraQflyBeuJxj9xrewrvIekWHEYNlFSlUc2vVLXZF/s1600/jean+arnot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="311" sca="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWAbk6kVEnqO_anCVVEtYp51Di-Pi90TcKN6fQOzM0_hLxpTv-RkZX1aqqETePtSD63XhLswS8J2t7cTuOJVaWrlxRm2nByD1mGkgLraQflyBeuJxj9xrewrvIekWHEYNlFSlUc2vVLXZF/s320/jean+arnot.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The judges said <br />
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<em><span style="color: #e06666;">“your essay was energetic and passionate, and argued cogently for your position, which obviously has significant import for the Library profession”.</span></em><br />
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The essay was an amalgamation of my ideas, research and practice over the last 4 years into crowdsourcing in libraries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although it is aimed at librarians it is equally relevant to archivists. The essay focuses on the idea of cognitive surplus and how and why libraries urgently need to tap into this opportunity. ‘Cognitive surplus’ is a phrase coined by the author and academic Clay Shirky (whose mother is a librarian). It means the free time that people have in which they could be creative or use their brain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many people spend their ‘cognitive surplus’ time by watching hours of television, gaming, surfing the internet or reading. However, due to the increased availability of the internet in households, the rise of social media technology, and the desire of people to be creative rather than consumptive, there is now a major change in use of cognitive surplus time. People want to produce and share just as much if not more than consume. Due to new forms of online collaboration and participation, people are seeking out and becoming very productive in online social endeavours. Clay Shirky hypothesizes in his books that there is huge potential for creative human endeavour if the billions of hours that people watch TV are channelled into useful causes instead.</div>
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I suggest that libraries can and should harness this cognitive surplus to save themselves. Four powerful examples of libraries harnessing cognitive surplus are:</div>
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<strong>2008</strong>. The National Library of Australia set an international example of how to harness the cognitive surplus of the nation with the <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper" target="_blank"><strong>Australian Newspapers service</strong></a><strong>.</strong> The community is able to improve the computer generated text in digitised historic newspapers by a ‘text correction’ facility, thereby improving the search results in the service. 40,000 people have corrected 52 million lines of text.<br />
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<strong>2010</strong>. The National Library of Finland was the second library to implement community newspaper text correction in their <a href="http://www.digitalkoot.fi/en/splash" target="_blank"><strong>Digitalkoot</strong></a> crowdsourcing project. So far 50,000 people have corrected the text to 99% accuracy.<br />
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<strong>2011</strong>. The New York Public Library released <a href="http://menus.nypl.org/" target="_blank"><strong>‘What’s on the menu?</strong></a>’, a crowdsourcing project where the community transcribe text from digitised menus held in the library’s collection. So far 800,000 dishes have been transcribed from 12,000 menus, making them full-text searchable. <br />
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<strong>2012</strong>. The Bodleian Library released the fourth large scale library crowdsourcing project this year. <a href="http://whats-the-score.org/" target="_blank"><strong>‘What’s the score?’</strong></a> is a project where the community can help describe the vast music score collection at Oxford. <br />
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If the library profession leverages our expertise with technology and collaboratively harnesses the cognitive surplus of the community we will be able to develop, expand, and open our collections. We will be able to enhance and preserve the social history of the nation while meeting the ever-changing needs of our society. By engaging the community, libraries can develop projects of equal scale, quality and output of commercial endeavours.</div>
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The survival of libraries is under threat and I believe that gaining the help of our community with their ideas, knowledge, skills, time and money is the answer. To remain relevant and valued in society libraries must look at their collections and communities in new, imaginative and open ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have the technology to do whatever we want. We must change our culture and thinking to embrace new opportunities such as crowdsourcing on a mass scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The value and relevance of libraries is two-fold. It lies in both our collections and in the community that creates, uses, and values these collections. Let us demonstrate this and our place in it. Let us hold onto our original values of open access to all, and do whatever it takes to remain core, valued and relevant in society.</div>
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I would encourage you to read the <a href="http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/about/awards/docs/Arnot_Memorial_Fellowship_Winner%202012.pdf" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: #3d85c6;">full essay</span></strong></a><span style="color: #3d85c6;">,</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pass it onto your colleagues, think about this idea deeply and work out how you can harness cognitive surplus to help your profession and organisation in the immediate future. </div>
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Photo: Women reach for the skies, big opportunities are out there….</div>
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This Andrew Rodgers sculpture was unveiled at <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Canberra</city></place> airport on 2 April 2012.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the largest bronze figurative sculpture in <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">Australia</country-region></place> and is called ‘Perception and Reality 1’. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEhaUS9WeWzhZ2LCBuEi4vcoww8t-N4SyKa2LebR3JFf-z9f_j949TIwTOOES3DhTw-tG8AFOmQAJ7ppHDEdIkwY_-d-CFpv-Z4R4vgP3kF0XwHhdIo69ABFPndae-A2lNtNfLC_SEVFBN/s1600/IMG_0372.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEhaUS9WeWzhZ2LCBuEi4vcoww8t-N4SyKa2LebR3JFf-z9f_j949TIwTOOES3DhTw-tG8AFOmQAJ7ppHDEdIkwY_-d-CFpv-Z4R4vgP3kF0XwHhdIo69ABFPndae-A2lNtNfLC_SEVFBN/s640/IMG_0372.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-51869952753329275042012-05-07T04:35:00.000-07:002012-05-07T04:35:20.871-07:00Church archive starts crowdsourcing: help tag sermon podcastsThere are many church and cathedral archives around the
world but a particular one that has just caught my eye and held my interest is
All Souls Anglican Church at <st1:address w:st="on"><st1:street w:st="on">Langham
Place</st1:street>, <st1:city w:st="on">London</st1:city></st1:address>. This
is because of a crowdsourcing project it has started.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is setting a fine example for other
cathedral and church archives to follow. In a <a href="http://markmeynell.wordpress.com/2012/04/30/all-souls-crowdsourcing-archive-experiment-can-you-help-us-out/" target="_blank">blog post</a> last week the church appealed for Christian volunteers to
help make the archive more accessible and used. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The church upholds the principles of
information access, strongly believing that resources it generates should be
free and open to the community. The church puts its current sermons and talks
up on its website as podcasts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However
they have a large back archive of sermons: 3,600 to be precise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As far as I can see these are all available
as podcasts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To increase their usage and
make them more findable they want the community to add subject tags to them.
There is a <a href="http://www.allsouls.org/Articles/309547/All/Resourcing/Sermons/Sermon.aspx" target="_blank">webpage explaining how</a> to do this. <o:p> </o:p><br />
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I followed through to see how simple the process would
be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is pretty simple and easy to do,
but there are a couple of surprising things here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Firstly it is assumed that only one person
needs to allocate tags to a sermon and they will put the ‘right’ tags on.
Because of this once someone has ‘grabbed’ a series of sermons to tag no-one
else can pick them as far as I could see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This may have been set up like this because they may have thought that
not enough people would sign up to help. However even though the call for help
only went out last week, there are very few sermon series left that haven’t
been grabbed. I think they have under anticipated the interest and enthusiasm
of the crowd here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Personally I think it
may be helpful to encourage more than one person to add tags to the same
sermon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The general premise in
crowdsourcing is to use the wisdom of the crowd. This is particularly relevant
for tagging.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In order to choose tags the
sermon or talk needs to be listened to first. This takes about 30 minutes for
each one.</div>
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The next interesting thing is that the volunteers can pick
3-4 tags from a very small controlled list and then they have a chance to add
one tag of their own choosing that is not on the list.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That one tag will be moderated by the
archivist (and presumably added to the list if deemed suitable and often
used).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the first time that I
have seen a combination tagging approach. Again I’m not quite sure about the
thinking behind this. I would like to know more. This is a very interesting
project to me because firstly it is a small controlled experiment into
crowdsourcing where it will be very easy to report back to the community on
results, levels of activity and lessons learned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If successful as I am sure it will be, it
could easily be replicated in other church archives, or widened for other item
types in the church archive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also
a demonstration of how to make audio-visual content better searchable, as well
as calling on a specific group of the community – Christians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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I am really interested to hear more about the results and
lessons learned from this small experiment. </div>
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Photo: I was lost and parked the car to consult the map when I noticed the car in front of me, it gave me a chuckle…<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-3ZbacCFgelO3Q77xHfWe-3EbjrZLXIuJOs16NSfH6qeZa4RyXXIzY0_CmNV6jrSz15E5QJZgyZGYHDKodD0dDrlE7Zvlr9fqRATT4wj6kvwZe1Emlmf5lxTOlYprcX5wGCpMELcKDddY/s1600/IMG_0354.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-3ZbacCFgelO3Q77xHfWe-3EbjrZLXIuJOs16NSfH6qeZa4RyXXIzY0_CmNV6jrSz15E5QJZgyZGYHDKodD0dDrlE7Zvlr9fqRATT4wj6kvwZe1Emlmf5lxTOlYprcX5wGCpMELcKDddY/s400/IMG_0354.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-66256201283571470152012-04-29T05:30:00.000-07:002012-04-29T05:30:32.089-07:00Mobilising and archiving social metadata (user generated content).<br />
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It is fantastic to see members of our library communities
adding their own knowledge and opinions to our content through use of features
such as tags and comments, and social media tools such as Twitter and Facebook.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More libraries are opening their content and
sites to their communities through these tools and features than ever have
before. We call this content user generated content (UGC) or <a href="http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/aggregating/default.htm" target="_blank">social metadata</a>. </div>
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But if we think about it for too long it gives us a big
headache. Being of the ‘collecting’ mind we really want to care for and keep the
UGC in the same way we care for our collection content.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Caring for it means:</div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">knowing
how much has been added and keeping meaningful statistics.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">keeping
the UGC in context with the data the users meant it to be related to.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">archiving
it for the long-term.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">being
able to migrate it along with our own content as our services and
interfaces change in the future.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">being
able to mobilise it to share with other services.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">being
able to easily supply it back to the original creators if they want it. </li>
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Doing any one of these things is currently difficult, let
alone all of them together. We really haven’t got our act together yet for
managing UGC content and social metadata, only enabling the facility for the
community to add it.<br />
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Firstly let’s take a simple concept. A member of the
community is actively engaged with your site.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They are contributing a lot of data to it in the form of comments and
descriptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After a while they want to
get all of ‘their’ data out so they can use it for something else they are
working on. Let’s call this ‘user takeout’. Seems reasonable, seems simple, but
I don’t know of any library site that does this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example a ‘user takeout’ option in Trove
newspapers would let a contributor get a copy of all of the comments and tags
they have added to historic newspaper articles. You may ask <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Do people want to do this?”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Contributors seem to accept that content they
add to sites will be locked to that site.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I’m not sure they even think about it very much when they start to add
stuff, or check the user licence for the terms. Many don’t intend to add the
volume of stuff that they do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
suddenly they think about it when either a better site comes along that they
would like to transfer or copy their content to, or the site they are adding to
is unexpectedly taken down or frozen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recent
examples in the news are Facebook users wanting to be able to transfer or ‘user
takeout’ their photographs from the site.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Although of course it is easily technically possible to implement this
social media sites such as Facebook are reluctant to let users do this, for
fear they will take their content and move to competitors sites. However in the
library world it is reasonable that users may want to share their value added
data around multiple library sites, and yet we still don’t enable it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another item in the news was the <a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/web/39317/" target="_blank">suddenclosure of poetry.com</a>. Over 7 million users were given 15 days
notice that the 14 million poems they had added would be taken down when the
site was sold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were not given an
easy option to ‘takeout’ their poems, but instead it was suggested that they
could copy and paste their poems if they had time. This infuriated many users
who read the message, and many others who didn’t read the message in time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s worth pointing out here that a lot of
sites people use frequently and think are for the common good are actually
commercial sites that can do exactly what they like, and do not ever promise to
keep, manage or archive content in the same way libraries do. Although the new
owners restored the poetry.com site, it appears that the 14 million poems added
prior to 2012 are still not restored hence the large pink box at the top
‘Where’s my poem?’ </div>
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If we think about measuring our user activity and data through
all channels i.e. our own site as well as Twitter, Facebook etc we hit a brick
wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Providing useful statistics on
both volume and value of data social metadata is difficult.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For social media sites such as Twitter and
Facebook your options are to either buy costly software and do it yourself, or
employ a company (many of which are springing up) to do it for you. These
companies however would have great difficulty integrating measurements on the
value and content from social media sources with those that go directly to your
site i.e. your own comments, tags, blogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Doing measurements separately is difficult, but combining them even more
so. </div>
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Many libraries are part of central or local government so
have requirements to archive records and content they create, which should also
include social metadata and media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
does anyone know the best way to do this and are our archives agencies telling
us how to do it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The simple answer is
no. The National Archives in USA (NARA) say <a href="http://www.executivegov.com/2011/12/new-archives-policy-could-include-twitter-too/" target="_blank">they are working on</a> it
as a matter of urgency. They are due to explain <a href="http://www.executivegov.com/2012/04/nara-to-issue-records-management-directives-by-july/" target="_blank">how it should be done</a> by this
July. The National Archives of Australia website states that “<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">The <em>Archives Act 1983</em> does not define a record by its format.
Generally, records created as a result of using social media are subject to the
same business and legislative requirements as records created by other means.”
But the guidelines on the NAA website as to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">how</i>
this should be done simply say “Methods of capturing social media content as a
record may vary according to the tools being used”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This month the </span>Public Record Office of
Victoria released an issues paper for comment: <a href="http://prov.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/PROV-Social-Media-Policy-Issues-Paper-2012.pdf" target="_blank">‘Recordkeeping implications ofsocial media’</a>. </div>
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An extract of the PROV proposed guidelines for archiving
social metadata follows:</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #674ea7;">How should the record be captured?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #674ea7;">Currently printing screenshots to .pdf and registering the
resulting document in an Electronic Document and Record Management System
(EDRMS) to record the necessary metadata is the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>most accessible and expedient method of creating social media records.
Necessary metadata includes who sent it (username and real name), date and time
of sending, context and purpose of content, name of tool used to create it.</span> </div>
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My first reaction on reading this was ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this is mad!’</i> Perhaps the archives are under-estimating the amount
of social metadata and media activity that is going on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Taking a screenshot of every tweet for
example would assume that you are not going to get thousands, whereas
successful sites and topics such as Trove do get thousands and millions of
interactions, which makes this unworkable from a staff resourcing point of view.
Twitter is notorious for ‘disappearing tweets’ after a very short amount of
time – sometimes less than a week because of the volume of activity that takes
place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This also puts pressure on to
archive tweets at the time of creation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You don’t have the luxury to go back and archive later. This suggested
form of archiving only gives a screen-based image, which is not in context, not
searchable, has no metadata, no timestamp, and is not authenticable. It seems
there is money to be made if someone develops a simple software system to mechanically
capture the tweet, its response and its components and safely and uniformly
archives/indexes them along with descriptive metadata. The tool could also render
the page "as it appears" and save it as a PDF if that is required. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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In April 2010 The Library of Congress rather <a href="http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/04/loc-google-twitter/" target="_blank">bravelyannounced</a> that it intended to archive all tweets since they began in 2006 to
record the social fabric of the world and signed an agreement with Twitter and
Google.
In 2010 the Twitter archive was growing rapidly with users sending 50 million
tweets a day. A year and a half later several news agencies tried to get a <a href="http://www.federalnewsradio.com/?nid=493&sid=2658996" target="_blank">progressreport</a> from LC without much success.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Other than trying to transfer the data from Twitter servers to LC
servers the LC weren’t giving any detail on what technological developments
they were creating to do the mammoth task. The task seemed to be growing bigger by the
day with usage of Twitter increasing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Currently 140 million tweets are sent every day.</div>
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A core element of the archive process should be that the
data is kept in context with that it was referring to, and other elements
surrounding it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most libraries that are
keeping UGC and social metadata are keeping it in a separate layer to their own
content in the database to protect the provenance, but may integrate it for
public display.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it is kept separate
it can easily be stored, managed, and moved, but is at risk of becoming
separated from the context it is related to. This is something libraries need
to work out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This will become more
pressing in a few years time when existing services are migrated as part of
their maintenance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The UGC needs to be
migrated in context with them.</div>
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On this topic I have more questions than answers. I think
libraries and archives need to work together to take an active role in firstly encouraging
mobilisation of social metadata -‘user takeout’, and secondly demonstrating <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">how</i> social metadata and social media
activity can be archived. I see massive opportunities for start-ups to create
archiving tools to bolt onto Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and Blogging software
to meet the requirements of government archiving.</div>
<o:p> </o:p><br />
Photo: Prime Ministers Chiefly and Curtin chat on the way to work 1945. Bronze sculpture by Peter Corlett outside the National Archives of Australia, Canberra. Rose Holley<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyTaF3wwjmp6MAfs4HWDr3z2sDo99DRPeWqG4WghuoTIEIuWKXP0bbCNhHlnha41yN0HPKb3kGiSHIqMiLM4R7ioDR87j46OrEYPK-BPyvr18ulNhhgTx4K1dnn3vwpRx_UXau_74AJrdz/s1600/IMG_0012.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyTaF3wwjmp6MAfs4HWDr3z2sDo99DRPeWqG4WghuoTIEIuWKXP0bbCNhHlnha41yN0HPKb3kGiSHIqMiLM4R7ioDR87j46OrEYPK-BPyvr18ulNhhgTx4K1dnn3vwpRx_UXau_74AJrdz/s400/IMG_0012.JPG" width="300" /></a></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-74098180506527116492012-03-25T16:26:00.000-07:002012-03-25T16:26:15.872-07:00Crowdsourcing: the crowd ‘rations’ its experience to make it lastWhen I am at work I feel I have far too much to do and that my
ambitions can never all be achieved. This tends to make me feel despondent.
However in crowd sourcing projects it is well known that providing way too much
work and impossible goals is a very powerful motivator. Rather than leaving
individuals in the crowd feeling despondent it drives them to put in even more
hours. <br />
<br />
I know from experience that this is the case because online volunteers working
on the Australian Newspapers text correction have told me this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also after adding thousands of new pages to
the service, surges in text correction would be observed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was a regular pattern.<br />
<br />
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Last week I was alerted to a great article in the Guardian
about crowdsourcing and two good blog posts on crowdsourcing in cultural
heritage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All three articles are well
worth reading and give some fascinating background to specific crowdsourcing
projects. They all touch on the fact that the crowd wants to be given as much
work as possible. </div>
<br />
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<a href="http://www.trevorowens.org/2012/03/crowdsourcing-cultural-heritage-the-objectives-are-upside-down/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Crowdsourcing Cultural Heritage</span></strong></a><strong><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">:</span></strong> the objectives are upside
down, by Trevor Owens 10 March 2012 <o:p> </o:p></div>
<br />
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Ben Brumfield noticed that in his transcription project one
of his most valuable power users was slowing down on their transcriptions. The
user had started to cut back significantly in the time they spent transcribing
this particular set of manuscripts. Ben reached out to the user and asked about
it. Interestingly, the user responded to explain that they had noticed that
there weren’t as many scanned documents showing up that required transcription.
For this user, the 2-3 hours they spent each day working on transcriptions was
such an important experience, such an important part of their day, that they
had decided to cut back and deny themselves some of that experience. The user
needed to ration out that experience. It was such an important part of their
day that they needed to make sure that it lasted.</div>
<br />
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<a href="http://manuscripttranscription.blogspot.com.au/2012/03/crowdsourcing-at-imls-webwise-2012.html" target="_blank"><strong><span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">Crowdsourcing at IMLS Webwise 2012</span></strong></a> by Ben Brumfield</div>
<br />
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<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/mar/18/galaxy-zoo-crowdsourcing-citizen-scientists" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue;">Galaxy Zoo and the new dawn of citizen science</span></strong></a>, by Tim
Adams, 18 March 2012
</div>
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The volunteers only worry that the source of their obsession
will dry up, and that they will run out of visible galaxies to classify.
"In the beginning," Alice Sheppard said, "we all were enjoying
it so much that we didn't like the idea of getting to the end." As it has
worked out, more data sets have kept becoming available just as one tranche of
images has been classified; now Sheppard believes that the work will continue
to expand like the objects of its attention, "though no one seems quite
sure how many galaxies are in the Hubble database?"</div>
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So the lesson we can learn from this is that we must give
our crowd as much work and new data as we can.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We don’t want our crowd to have to ‘ration themselves’
because we haven’t left them enough work to do.</div>
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Photo: a worker bee eats the last crumbs of my sticky date pudding.</div>
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<br /></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-59344721132447322852012-03-11T14:53:00.000-07:002012-03-11T14:53:06.480-07:00Crowdsourcing transcription of handwritten archives<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">One of the big differences
between libraries and archives is that libraries tend to have more of ‘the
printed word’ whilst archives have vast amounts of ‘the handwritten record’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While some libraries are getting up to speed
with mass digitisation of books and journals and then being able to offer users
full text searchable digitised items, this is still a distant dream for most
archives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some archives are undertaking
mass digitisation, but the second step – making handwritten records full-text
searchable is a massive challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
reason for this is in the technology and processing steps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After scanning a ‘printed
word’ page into an image file a piece of software called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" target="_blank">Optical CharacterRecognition (OCR)</a>
converts the image into searchable text.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The OCR works best with clean, clear, black and white typeface such as a
word document or a book, not quite so well on old books and journals, and very
poorly on old newspapers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When it comes
to converting handwriting it fails miserably.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It just can’t distinguish and convert handwriting to text in the way the
human eye can.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore archives can’t
easily automate the second part of the digitisation process using OCR software
like libraries can for the printed word. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">If you at least get some
OCR text from print that is readable and therefore searchable you can offer a
service to users to full-text search the books or journals such as Google does.
If the OCR text is poor there are some <a href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march09/holley/03holley.html" target="_blank">things you can do to improve it.</a> You can encourage users of your service to
correct the OCR text with a text correction tool so that the searching is
improved, such as Trove
does with the <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/home" target="_blank">Australian Newspapers.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unfortunately the only
viable option open to archives to convert digital images into full-text
searchable text is to use a manuscript transcription tool, in combination with
harnessing the power of a crowd to do the transcription work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The transcription work for handwritten
records is much harder than for example text correcting old newspapers because
the handwriting is often difficult to read, old fashioned, barely legible and
not necessarily structured in lines or columns. There is often nothing to go
on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I recently stumbled across
a <a href="http://manuscripttranscription.blogspot.com.au/" target="_blank">blog all about manuscript transcription tools</a> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">that is written by a
software developer Ben W Brumfield in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on">Texas.</st1:state></st1:place><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ben developed his own software to transcribe
his great-great grandmother’s journal. <a href="https://github.com/benwbrum/fromthepage/wiki" target="_blank">‘FromthePage’</a>
is now being used by archives because Ben has made it available open source. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A year ago he wrote an <a href="http://manuscripttranscription.blogspot.com.au/2011/02/2010-year-of-crowdsourcing.html" target="_blank">in-depthblog post</a>
that covered manuscript transcription tools under development, manuscript
transcription projects in archives, and made some predications for future
directions of manuscript transcription.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I am not going to repeat what he said here, I suggest you read the post
in full.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He notes that software
development in this area is still fragmented and young with no particular tools
taking dominance. Most developed applications are being made available open
source. A standout is <a href="https://github.com/zooniverse/Scribe" target="_blank"><strong>‘Scribe’</strong></a>
from the Zooniverse team, currently being used by both the <a href="http://www.oldweather.org/" target="_blank"><strong>‘Old Weather’</strong></a> project to
transcribe maritime weather records and by <a href="http://whats-the-score.org/" target="_blank"><strong>‘What’s the score’</strong></a> project to
transcribe music scores at the Bodleian Library, <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Oxford</st1:place></st1:city>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Before an archive implements
a manuscript tool it needs to find out what it’s users<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>would most like to be easily full-text
searchable from the vast vaults of all the content it has. It is important to
find this out, because the crowd will only be motivated and swell in numbers if
they really feel what they are doing is very important to a broad group of
people and really matters either right now, or in the long-term and is also
interesting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They have to feel this
before they will join in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once they have
joined in there are other <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1130280737">motivational tips you can do </a></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march10/holley/03holley.html" target="_blank">to keep them going</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just implementing a manuscript tool is simply
not enough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You need to engage, watch,
understand and learn from your crowd, for they hold the passion and power in
their hands to make your project successful or not.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p>Photo by Rose Holley, outside Canberra Bus Station</o:p></span></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-90246562787640710772012-03-03T17:42:00.000-08:002012-03-03T17:42:25.239-08:00The digital game: helping librarians get digital jobs<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 129%; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A question I am often asked is <i>“How can I become a digital librarian and get a job in this field?”</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 129%; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I wish I could say “<i>Well the subject is well covered in a Library/Information Science courses, and there are lots of opportunities for you to gain experience.”</i> But unfortunately neither is the case in Australia or New Zealand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have been mentoring and helping Masters in Library Studies students with their assignments on digital topics for the last 10 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do this for two reasons. Firstly because I am naturally curious about the assignments and how close to reality they are, and secondly because I live in the hope that some or even just one of these new graduates may be inspired rather than discouraged with digital,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and end up becoming a digital specialist like me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are so short of digital specialists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 129%; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I am disappointed that most library courses and degrees still offer the digital bit as an optional rather than compulsory part of the program, even though these days most libraries would be doing something they call ‘digital’, in the same way they all catalogue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no Australian University course I am aware of that actually covers the whole breadth of digital topics at degree level for cultural heritage specialists (museums, galleries, libraries, archives) i.e. digitisation, digital delivery, digital preservation, data sharing. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However I am encouraged because the digital assignments from library courses that I am asked about are increasingly becoming more realistic and practical. They are moving on from theoretical questions about online catalogues and digitisation to topics such as utilising social media and digital preservation. But it is still hard for new graduates to find jobs, when they may have theoretical knowledge only and no practical experience in the field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also hard to up-skill our existing librarians. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I was very interested therefore to hear about a new board game focusing on digital topics that was road tested at the <a href="http://www.dish2011.nl/" target="_blank">DISH2011</a> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">conference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I thought it held immense value as a tool for three things: graduate teaching; for up-skilling staff in an organisation; and for interview practice to get some of those tricky digital questions right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The game is based on monopoly and covers the whole digital life cycle, including digitisation and digital preservation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was interested to see that some of the questions are ones I have actually been asked at interview.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Things like “What would you do if half way through your digitisation project the funding was cut?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The game is created by the <a href="http://www.digcur-education.org/" target="_blank">European DigCurv Project</a></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">DigCurV brings together a network of partners to address the availability of vocational training for digital curators in the library, archive, museum and cultural heritage sectors in Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These skills are needed for the long-term management of digital collections. There is a <a href="http://digitaalduurzaam.blogspot.com.au/2011/12/playing-digital-lifecycle-game-dish2011.html" target="_blank">very good blog post with pictures of the game being played</a> and some of the questions, so I won’t repeat them here. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 129%; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">At the moment the game is being refined and will be only available to European partners of DigCurv (some of whom would like it translated from English into their own language).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would be great if copies could be obtained for the national Australian Cultural Heritage Institutions and Australian Universities offering Library/Archive/Museum degree courses. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">There have been a number of organisations set up in Europe in the past to address training issues in digitisation and digital preservation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not all of these survived, many being based on short term funding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The earliest I am aware of was in the UK in the year 2000, funded through revenue from the National Lottery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>50 million pounds was given away as ‘nof-digitise’ for organisations to start digitisation projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However it was quickly realised that training would be required before the digitisation and delivery could start and so short term national training courses were set up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2001 the UK was the place to be if you were working as an information professional and wanted to learn about digitisation on the job and had got your hands on some of the nof-digi money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly in Australia and New Zealand we are still awaiting a financial windfall for digitisation on the scale we have seen from the European Union, French and Scandinavian Governments and UK Lottery Funds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This means that we also haven’t developed the training we need and have no such equivalent organisation as DigCurv. I’m still hoping the proposed <a href="http://culture.arts.gov.au/" target="_blank">National Cultural Policy</a> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">may address some of these things in 2012.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt;">Photo from <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/digitaalerfgoednederland/sets/72157628330097779/with/6475936451/" target="_blank">DEN Flickr stream</a>: </span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-LQf7ul8D5R-OoSezlJ6FCB8Pb15wOk3L-mAqb4ftvxCojEx1TsJ-fpkEmkX4tKoBibii37AjDhoTuGIQlWoZ5_2r94fOUBmCQYB4DqBW0SAE7lKT51SfaeO0N9LJqXSshmXm-PK7_7Wg/s1600/game.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-LQf7ul8D5R-OoSezlJ6FCB8Pb15wOk3L-mAqb4ftvxCojEx1TsJ-fpkEmkX4tKoBibii37AjDhoTuGIQlWoZ5_2r94fOUBmCQYB4DqBW0SAE7lKT51SfaeO0N9LJqXSshmXm-PK7_7Wg/s400/game.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-59696389698032861362012-02-26T14:19:00.000-08:002012-02-26T14:19:10.543-08:00Crowdsourcing Australian Climate Change<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In my
<a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/crowdsourcing-knitting-patterns.html" target="_blank">last blog post</a> I described how knitters and yarn enthusiasts
were crowdsourcing knitting patterns from digitised Australian newspapers in
<a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank">Trove</a> for use in a crowdsourcing site called Ravelry <a href="http://www.ravelry.com/"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ravelry.com</span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This week I wanted to give another example of
the Australian Newspapers in Trove giving leverage to yet another crowdsourcing
site. This time it’s for research into climate change and the site is called
OzDocs. <a href="http://ozdocs.climatehistory.com.au/"><span style="color: blue;">http://ozdocs.climatehistory.com.au/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Australian
newspapers hold unique content, for example convict records and climate
records. In <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
official weather records only began in 1908 when the Bureau of Meteorology was
established. However there are weather tables and forecasts appearing in
Australian newspapers from 1803 onwards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The newspapers therefore provide 200 years of weather records.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Newspapers not only give tables with statistics
of temperature, rainfall, winds etc, but also eye witness accounts of weather
conditions such as floods, droughts and fire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The
citizens and politicians of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
have a high and ongoing level of interest in climate change and how it is
affecting our nation. A project investigating climate change is SEARCH: <a href="http://climatehistory.com.au/" target="_blank">SouthEastern Australian Recent Climate History.</a>
It spans the sciences and the humanities, drawing together a team of leading
climate scientists, water managers and historians in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> to better understand
south-eastern Australian climate history over the past 200–500 years. The
digital newspapers in Trove are a fundamental part of SEARCH’s research process.
However even though the newspapers are full-text searchable it is still a
challenge to find and bring together in context the eye-witness accounts and the
weather tables so that the temperatures, rainfall and other statistics can be
transcribed into a research database. This is why the SEARCH project has established
this month the <a href="http://ozdocs.climatehistory.com.au/" target="_blank">OzDocs citizen science project</a>,
with a $10,000 grant from the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype>
of <st1:placename w:st="on">Melbourne</st1:placename></st1:place> so that the
public can help them. Basically the public are asked to find and tag historic
newspaper articles on weather conditions, and transcribe useful weather
statistics from historic newspapers into a database. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 2010 Joelle
Gergis, the lead SEARCH investigator spoke to me and said:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“Having all this information
online and being able to quickly access it has been amazing. Being able to find
weather tables from 1803 onwards in the Sydney Gazette is crucial to our
research. Official records from the Bureau of Meteorology only began 100 years
ago so being able to access the newspaper records which are earlier than this
is really useful. The sources in Trove also show how weather events have
affected society, with eye witness accounts of floods and bushfires. For
example we have been researching the 1851 Black Thursday bushfires in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Victoria</st1:place></st1:state>.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 2010
as a locust plague swept across the south-eastern side of Australia the pilot
volunteers for the project working at the State Library of New South Wales
noted that weather conditions in 1825 were very similar (heavy rainfall
followed by nice weather then a terrible locust plague) and found eye-witness
accounts in <a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2183855" target="_blank">The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 24 March 1825</a>
of a similar locust plague.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“Prior to the late rains the
caterpillar, that old enemy to the agriculturist interest of the Colony, made
its appearance ; but, upon the visitation of the heavy showers, their ranks
were consider ably thinned. However, since the present enchanting fine weather
has again set in, the number of these destructive insects has increased to an
unparalleled extent, covering whole fields in their course, which in some spots
seemed to be towards the South, in a line from East to West. Wherever they make
their appearance, the most complete destruction immediately follows. Upon
Captain Campbell’s estate, in the district of Cooke, they were supposed to be
at least two inches in height.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This month
I caught up with Joelle again to see how the newly released crowdsourcing part
of the project is going. She said: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“We now have over 100 volunteers
who have contributed over 4000 articles. The database will be searchable in our
next release. It will be the country’s first publicly searchable database of
climate information using a diverse collection of pre-20th century historical
records. The database will give easy access to information for researchers,
organisations, government departments and the public.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The scope
of OzDocs work has now been expanded to include not only the digitised
newspapers but other resources that are held in the State Library of Victoria,
State Library of New South Wales and the National Library of Australia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These pre-date the newspapers by another 100
years and go back to the 1700’s. Joelle said:<br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Our OzDocs volunteers will be working
their way through logbooks of the first European explorers, governors’
correspondence, early settlers’ diaries, newspapers and the works of 18th and
19th century scholars.”<br />
</i><br />
On of the questions the SEARCH project hopes to answer is what the South East
region of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>’s
‘natural’ climate has been like since 1788. This may ultimately help to refine current
climate models, allowing more accurate climate change estimates to be developed
for the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lack of records in a
consistent accessible format before 1900 is currently making this difficult.<br />
<br />
For the project to be successful the volunteer numbers really need to increase
a lot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the moment this is still quite
a small scale effort compared to the knitting project Ravelry that I reported
on in my last blog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Volunteers can join
by accessing the OzDocs site. <a href="http://ozdocs.climatehistory.com.au/"><span style="color: blue;">http://ozdocs.climatehistory.com.au/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-14217418567657621272012-02-24T14:38:00.002-08:002012-02-24T14:38:25.069-08:00Crowdsourcing knitting patterns<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9c5nbVXFVAHx65O8I1If034WvW6Xz5wyS_NvJ_hLfsQlyZYrhGpIwuUW4At1N67PVWiy5gFEwB8N68Re3_PfHmip-_rY7shyphenhyphenI5BvRtqCiXG5liVhcAqim2nqtcbVND-nBk5asnaRn6WJc/s1600/Search+terms+jan+2011.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9c5nbVXFVAHx65O8I1If034WvW6Xz5wyS_NvJ_hLfsQlyZYrhGpIwuUW4At1N67PVWiy5gFEwB8N68Re3_PfHmip-_rY7shyphenhyphenI5BvRtqCiXG5liVhcAqim2nqtcbVND-nBk5asnaRn6WJc/s400/Search+terms+jan+2011.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Wordle showing
the most popular search terms in Trove.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">I have been
project managing the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program, The Australian
Newspapers service and <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/" target="_blank">Trove</a> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
at the National Library of Australia for the last 5 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The content of Trove – a free discovery
service for Australian content, is now massive with a total of 250 million
items from different organisations around <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This includes archives, pictures, books,
music and newspapers. There are 62 million full-text articles coming from
Australian Newspapers 1803-1954 and the Australian Women’s Weekly 1932-1982,
which the National Library of Australia has digitised. About 100,000 new
newspaper articles are being added each week to Trove.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Despite the
content of Trove being varied over 80% of Trove usage and engagement still
revolves around digitised historic Australian newspapers. They are the most
used content the National Library has ever had, eclipsing everything else with
usage continuing to increase. One fifth of the Australian population are
regular users of Trove (4 million people). There are about 50,000 searches
every hour. Over 40,000 online volunteers have corrected over 58 million lines
of newspaper text to help improve the searching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the crowdsourcing aspect. Today there
will be more than 100,000 lines of newspaper text corrected by users, this week
more than 10,000 items tagged by users and this month 2,000 comments added to
items by users.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">I’m often asked
what the most accessed items are in Trove.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Unfortunately I cannot answer this because it isn’t logged on our
servers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However I do know that
newspapers are used more than any other content. I keep an eye on the most used
search terms using Google Analytics to get a feel for what people are looking
for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact anyone can look at search
terms as they happen, second by second, by clicking the <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/recentSearches" target="_blank">link immediately above</a>
the Trove search box. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">For a very long time the top search terms
have been Smith, George, death, birth, hanging, suicide, murder, cricket and
gold, and also anything topical e.g. Lionel Logue (the Kings Speech). The most
popular articles seem to be births, deaths and marriages and articles on
murders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However I have seen a recent
trend whereby the terms <strong>“knitting pattern”</strong> and <strong>“knit + cast on”</strong> have knocked
<strong>“death”</strong> off the top spot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I decided to
look into this a bit further. I was fascinated to discover that the
crowdsourcing in Trove is inter-connecting with another crowdsourcing project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s for knitters and is called Ravelry </span><a href="http://www.ravelry.com/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.ravelry.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ravelry is a
place for knitters, crocheters, designers, spinners, weavers and dyers to keep
track of their yarn, tools, project and pattern information, and look to others
for ideas and inspiration. The content on the site is user- driven and created by
the knitting community. Ravelry lets you keep notes about your projects, see
what other people are making, find the perfect pattern and connect with people
who love to play with yarn from all over the world in forums.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The site was
started by Jess who had been a knitter and a blogger for a while. She knew that
there was all this great information out there from other fiber lovers – but
with the growing number of crochet and knitting blogs, finding that information
just kept getting harder. It was getting frustrating for her to try and find
information about the patterns and yarns that she was interested in using. Her
programmer partner Casey thought that he would be able to build a website that
could solve her problems, so they started working on it together, introducing
it to a few friends at a time.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A key part
of the site is the database of knitting patterns, gathered together by the
community, described and catalogued by them, and then knitted by them. The user
community can favourite them, add comments, add patterns to projects and lists
to do. They often photograph the end results and add these to the database.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They can seek help from other knitters on
patterns, yarns, techniques and designs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The site is
free but does require a login to look at the patterns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is proving immensely popular. In the first
weekend 15,000 knitters had signed up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Apparently quite a lot of these happened to be librarians. * In July
2010 Ravelry appealed to the community to both find and describe patterns. In
one week 23,500 users categorised and assigned metadata to 160,000 patterns.
The advanced search which draws on these fields for faceted searching is quite
amazing, and quite frankly leaves most library catalogues for dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Facets include availability, category,
yardage, gender, source, fibre, needle size, rating, fibre, difficulty,
language and more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was quite stunned
by this because this it is one of the few crowdsourcing projects I have seen
that has very successfully engaged a crowd to help assign metadata to records
to the highest possible level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cataloguing
is a task that most cataloguers and librarians think cannot be done well by
anyone except themselves, besides which it would be far too boring to attract
people’s interest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However the knitters
can clearly see the value in adding descriptive metadata.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example by adding yardage <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or meterage required they can easily find out by
searching on that field what patterns they can knit when they only have x yards
left of wool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">So how does
Trove come into all this?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, as
knitting regains popularity and we see the resurgence in ‘retro’ fashion from
yesteryear the knitting community are falling with glee on digitised historic
Australian newspapers and the Australian Women’s Weekly, particularly from the
1950’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someone has helpfully added the
instructions into Ravelry for how to find vintage knitting patterns in Trove,
which is search for <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/result?q=knit+%2B%22cast+on%22" target="_blank">knit+"cast on"</a> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">or knitting patterns (now one of the top search terms – see the wordle above).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you do this in Trove you get nearly 73,000
results for knitting patterns. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most newspaper
included at least one pattern a week. Of all those patterns the community has
chosen to add some of the more popular ones into Ravelry so more community
engagement can happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So far 290 have
been added from Australian newspapers and the Australian Women’s Weekly. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The two
screenshots from Ravelry below show firstly a classic number ‘a cosy cardigan’
which appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald of 1953. It has been favourited by
145 people, one has knitted it and 93 people have added it to their queue of
things to knit next. The person who has knitted it has added notes and
instructions on how they did it with a colour picture of the finished garment. <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The second
shot shows that the most favourited pattern added to Ravelry from the National
Library of Australia’s digitised Australian Women’s Weekly collection is… wait
for it…… the ‘Elegant Elephant’. It has been favourited by 690 people,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rated 4 out of 5 and easy to knit, knitted by
21 people in a variety of colours, and 174 more people intend to knit it
soon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you click on the pattern you
will see uploaded photos of finished knitted elephants….</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1AzhyRlZUQRaBPu_lz5rHWynod5rAK2Gblb-cnwLK1W2OHqd23L1ZXdMKmei37jP4qAhTCDtAc82ldBvVhuEDAZtOMEasBHuGIWAs7dRmVU554Lsd4tVVq8uVNio3PXxU2nvMbE8pu58E/s1600/knitting+favourites.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1AzhyRlZUQRaBPu_lz5rHWynod5rAK2Gblb-cnwLK1W2OHqd23L1ZXdMKmei37jP4qAhTCDtAc82ldBvVhuEDAZtOMEasBHuGIWAs7dRmVU554Lsd4tVVq8uVNio3PXxU2nvMbE8pu58E/s640/knitting+favourites.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-no-proof: yes;">If you
don’t want to log in to Ravelry get an overview by watching this <a href="http://vimeo.com/23274072" target="_blank">6 min video on Ravelry</a>.</span></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This is a
very interesting example of re-use of material from old newspapers, one that was
not even considered when newspapers were digitised.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ravelry is an outstanding site offering
community engagement and crowdsourcing that has really impressed me. I love the
advanced pattern search by facets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
clearly shows that for some items users don’t want a dumb it down simple search
box. They want ADVANCED SEARCHING, MORE DESCRIPTIVE METADATA AND FACETS!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are prepared to add the descriptive
metadata themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The only
thing I have ever knitted myself was a pink and blue tea-cosy for my mother as
a present when I was 14. My mother was a <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/list?id=1797" target="_blank">teapot collector</a> then,
but interestingly only had 2 tea cosies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Knitted tea cosies are becoming popular again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However I am contemplating knitting the
Australian Women’s Weekly ‘Elegant Elephant’, maybe in pink, my favourite
colour? At least if I get stuck I know I will be able to get online help in
Ravelry, and it looks easier than a tea cosy! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">* <em>I
acknowledge the use of Nyssa Parkes article ‘Fibre FRBRisation’ in the November
2011 issue of Incite Magazine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The</span> statistics on Ravelry user
engagement come from this article.<o:p></o:p></em></span></div>
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-24288368763771420212012-02-19T15:25:00.000-08:002012-02-19T15:25:33.897-08:00Digital protection of indigenous knowledge<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
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The governments of New Zealand and Australia are unfortunately not as advanced as India in respect to protection of indigenous knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is hardly believable but India has not only tackled the issue but also partially solved it digitally with an online database.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This post will have a look at this important topic in more detail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is relevant for libraries, archives, galleries and museums because they are <span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">collecting, storing, describing, handling,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>loaning, digitising and displaying</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">items which are classified as indigenous knowledge such as:</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">moveable cultural property </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">literary and artistic works (including music, dance, song, ceremonies, symbols and designs, narratives and poetry) </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">scientific, agricultural, technical and ecological knowledge </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">human remains </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sacred sites, burials and sites of historical significance </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">documents of Indigenous peoples' heritage (including film, photographs, video and audio recordings, and archival collections). </span></li>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The problem with protecting indigenous knowledge is that most countries in</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the world have difficulties reconciling locally indigenous traditions, laws and cultural norms with predominantly western legal systems, effectively leaving indigenous peoples' individual and communal intellectual property rights unprotected. Also m</span>ost countries do not have specific legislation or systems in place to protect and therefore prevent misuse, or commercial use of indigenous knowledge. It is usually up to individuals or tribal groups to take costly, long running and often unsuccessful court action to protect their knowledge and intellectual property. This is not how it should be.</div>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Wikipedia entry on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" target="_blank">Indigenous Intellectual property</a> gives a brief overview of the subject which is a topic of international concern. It notes two important declarations:</span><br /><br /><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">New Zealand: <span class="mw-headline">Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples (June 1993)</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">150 delegates from fourteen countries, including indigenous representatives from Japan, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, India, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Surinam, USA and New Zealand </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Affirmed</span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> indigenous peoples' knowledge is of benefit to all humanity.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Recognised</span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> indigenous peoples are willing to offer their knowledge to all humanity provided their fundamental rights to define and control this knowledge is protected by the international community.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Insisted</span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the first beneficiaries of indigenous knowledge must be the direct indigenous descendants of such knowledge.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Declared</span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> all forms of exploitation of Indigenous knowledge must cease.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Section 2 of the declaration asks State, National and International Agencies to: </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Recognise that Indigenous peoples are the guardians of their customary knowledge and have the right to protect and control dissemination of that knowledge.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Recognise that indigenous peoples also have the right to create new knowledge based on cultural tradition.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Accept that the cultural and intellectual property rights of Indigenous peoples are vested with those who created them.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Australia: Julayinbul Statement on Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights </span></span><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(November 1993)</span></strong><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">A meeting of indigenous and non-indigenous specialists agreed that indigenous intellectual property rights are best determined from within the customary laws (Aboriginal common laws) of the indigenous groups themselves. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These laws must be acknowledged and treated as equal to any other systems of law. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Indigenous Peoples and Nations reaffirm their right to define for themselves their own intellectual property, acknowledging the uniqueness of their own particular heritage</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Indigenous Peoples and Nations declare that we are willing to share [our intellectual property] with all humanity provided that our fundamental rights to define and control this property are recognised by the international community</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Aboriginal intellectual property, within Aboriginal Common Law, is an inherent, inalienable right which cannot be terminated, extinguished, or taken .. Any use of the intellectual property of Aboriginal Nations and Peoples may only be done in accordance with Aboriginal Common Law, and any unauthorised use is strictly prohibited. </span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Examples of indigenous knowledge being protected</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1. New Zealand: The haka</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Maori’s have been trying to defend their rights to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haka" target="_blank">haka dance</a> for over 10 years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_Mate" target="_blank">Ka Mate</a> </span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">is the most widely known haka because it has traditionally been performed by All Blacks rugby teams at the opening of international games. It is agreed that <i>Ka Mate</i><b> </b>was composed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" target="_blank" title="Te Rauparaha"><span style="color: blue;">Te Rauparaha</span></a>, war leader of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" target="_blank" title="Ngāti Toa"><span style="color: blue;">Ngāti Toa</span></a> tribe (iwi) of the North Island of New Zealand.</span></div>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Between 1998 and 2006, the Ngati Toa iwi attempted to trademark <i>Ka Mate</i> to prevent its use by commercial organisations without their permission, but in 2006 the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_Property_Office_of_New_Zealand" target="_blank" title="Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand"><span style="color: blue;">Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand</span></a> turned their claim down on the grounds that <i>Ka Mate</i> had achieved wide recognition in New Zealand and abroad as representing New Zealand as a whole and not a particular trader.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However in 2009, as a part of a wider settlement of grievances, the New Zealand government agreed to:</span><br /><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">"...record the authorship and significance of the haka Ka Mate to Ngāti Toa and ... work with Ngāti Toa to address their concerns with the haka... [but] does not expect that redress will result in royalties for the use of Ka Mate or provide Ngāti Toa with a veto on the performance of Ka Mate..."</span></i><sup><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_Mate#cite_note-4"></a></span></sup><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In March 2011 a few months before the Rugby World Cup started in New Zealand the NZ Rugby Union came to an amicable agreement with the Ngati Toa not to bring the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mana" target="_blank" title="Mana">mana</a> of <i>Ka Mate</i> into disrepute. In one of the final games France were fined $10,000 by the International Rugby Board for advancing towards the haka, but I think this was more to do with protecting rugby rules than the haka itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Matiu Rei, head of the Ngati Tao Maori tribe said in October 2011</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“We are not seeking compensation, we are seeking recognition.”</span></i></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. India: Yoga</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For more than 10 years India watched as western governments granted patents, trademarks, and copyrights to what was India’s indigenous knowledge, for example yoga and herbal cures. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office alone issued 150 yoga-related copyrights, 134 patents on yoga accessories, and 2,315 yoga trademarks. Yoga is big business around the world and is estimated to make $3 billion a year in America alone. The Indian Government did not stand by and do nothing, they decided to take action in the form of the </span><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.tkdl.res.in/tkdl/langdefault/common/" target="_blank">Traditional Knowledge Digital Library</a> (TKDL)</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The aim of the TKDL is to make digitally available the indigenous knowledge of India in multiple languages, so that Patent offices can search the knowledge and then reject patents applications that are actually traditional knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>India is quite lucky because things like yoga and herbal medicine are actually well described in ancient texts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But these are in different<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>languages </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">such as Sanskrit, Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Tamil</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (usually not English), hard to get hold of in hard copy, and not widely understood by the western world or patent examiners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TKDL breaks the language and format barrier and makes available this information in English, French, Spanish, German and Japanese in patent application format, which is easily understandable by patent examiners. TKDL is thus a tool providing defensive protection to the rich traditional knowledge of India. In </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">June 1999 the <span style="color: black;">World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Standing Committee on Information Technology (SCIT) recognised the need for developing countries to create Traditional Knowledge (TK) data bases. The concept of the Indian TKDL was formed in 2001.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By August 2011, 150 books on yoga, ayurveda, unani, siddha and natural medicines from multiple Indian languages had been digitised and transcribed into 4 European languages and Japanese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1,300 yoga 'asanas' had been documented making them public knowledge. Around 250 of these `asanas' have also been made into video clips with an expert performing them. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But this hasn’t stopped self-styled yoga gurus such as Bikram Choudhury in the USA still trying to patent ‘Hot Yoga’, a set of 26 sequences practised in a heated room. Bikram and the TKDL made headline news last year because of this. Boingboing reported in <a href="http://www.boingboing.net/2005/03/21/open-source-yoga-adv.html" target="_blank">March 2011</a></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">that apparently Mr. Choudhury was threatening to sue people teaching a popular style of yoga he claims to have invented and copyrighted. He also reputedly said <i>"Because I have balls like atom bombs, two of them, 100 megatons each. Nobody fucks with me." <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Perhaps he has not finished reading the full library of indigenous yoga knowledge, since I’m sure this is an attitude not encouraged by yogis?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr V P Gupta, who created TKDL, said <i>"All the 26 sequences which are part of Hot Yoga have been mentioned in Indian yoga books written thousands of years ago."</i> He added, <i>"However, we will not legally challenge Choudhury. By putting the information in the public domain, TKDL will be a one-stop reference point for patent offices across the world. Every time, somebody applies for a patent on yoga, the office can check which ancient Indian book first mentioned it and cancel the application." </i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These two examples of defending indigenous knowledge and the quotes by the leaders reinforce the statements in the declarations, namely:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">“indigenous peoples are willing to offer their knowledge to all humanity provided their fundamental rights to define and control this knowledge is protected by the international community.”</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Libraries, archives, galleries and museums are part of that community and are often seen as gatekeepers of knowledge. We should be pro-actively supporting, encouraging and enabling this outcome.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is happening in Australia?</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #231f20; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In Australia there are many examples of non-indigenous Australians inappropriately using indigenous knowledge and artworks without permission. Most recently this has revolved around sacred rock art. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In April 2009, the Australian Government adopted the UN’s <i>Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</i>. </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It states that </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Indigenous people have the</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">right to maintain, control, protect and develop cultural heritage,</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> t</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">raditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions including</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">oral traditions, literature, designs, visual and performing arts.</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> It also includes </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the right </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">for Indigenous people </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">to maintain, control, protect</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and develop their intellectual property over such cultural heritage,</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions.</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> However we currently don’t have the infrastructure or systems in Australia to do this easily or effectively. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In April 2008 </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">at the Australia 2020 Summit Terri Janke proposed the establishment of a <a href="http://nikc.org.au/home" target="_blank">National Indigenous Knowledge Centre</a> (NIKC). This idea was followed through with a feasibility study into a NKIC which was submitted to FaHCSIA in October 2011. In 2009 Terri Janke wrote her own report ‘<a href="http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/resources/reports_and_publications/subjects/policy/beyondguardingground/Beyond_guarding_ground.pdf" target="_blank">Beyond Guarding Ground: A vision for a National Indigenous Cultural Authority’</a>. Both of these reports require legislation and a system to be established for the protection of indigenous intellectual and cultural knowledge. Part of this infrastructure could be a digital library database.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some of the suggestions for the NKIC are that it would build on the existing role of the Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Studies (AIATSIS):</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Become a reference point for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Engage in research to harness traditional knowledge to support sustainable management of country.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Support the education and understanding of indigenous culture and affairs across Australia and preserve indigenous heritage.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Become a national gathering place for the celebration and discussion of indigenous culture in a physical or virtual sense.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The AIATIS response to the <a href="http://culture.arts.gov.au/" target="_blank">National Cultural Policy</a> quite rightly questions if and how protecting indigenous knowledge will fit into the proposed NCP. </span></div>
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<b>Further Reading:</b></div>
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Michael Davis, Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights, <a href="http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/1996-97/97rp20.htm" target="_blank">1996 Research Report</a></div>
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Terri Janke, Our Culture Our <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Future: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.frankellawyers.com.au/media/report/culture.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1998 </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Re</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">port on</span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TH; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Australian Indigenous cultural and Intellectual property rights.</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/atsilirn/protocols.atsilirn.asn.au/indexbebd.html" target="_blank">ATSILERN Protocols</a>: Guidance for libraries, archives and information services in appropriate ways to interact with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, their culture and heritage. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>The Australian Wattle, photo by Rose Holley</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_x0l-7kHBsUVS1TpNDh9iD4vm41FjdeBac6ClKe99Kg15sddeTTf2cDP0B6vRRDgDBaAeFuGUFPEeeSNjP57ByuUo7nWXnkKu6GAdpWlKoTlUMRRb_DuoIGL6H6GvbVwEanVczNC-QRPj/s1600/IMG_4127+crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_x0l-7kHBsUVS1TpNDh9iD4vm41FjdeBac6ClKe99Kg15sddeTTf2cDP0B6vRRDgDBaAeFuGUFPEeeSNjP57ByuUo7nWXnkKu6GAdpWlKoTlUMRRb_DuoIGL6H6GvbVwEanVczNC-QRPj/s400/IMG_4127+crop.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7991487040281464395.post-87392985446499123842012-02-11T19:27:00.000-08:002012-02-11T19:27:48.999-08:00Crowdsourcing: more cool sites to give libraries, archives and museums inspiration<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Many people know of my interest in the relevance and application of online digital crowdsourcing for libraries, archives and museums, due to an article I wrote in 2010 called <a href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march10/holley/03holley.html" target="_blank">‘Crowdsourcing: how and why should libraries do it?’</a>, </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">and my initiation of the <a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/ndp/project_details/documents/ANDP_ManyHands.pdf" target="_blank">Australian Newspapers public text correction. </a></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">People therefore often send me links to sites they think may interest me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is really great. Sometimes sites which are nothing to do with libraries or archives may give us ideas. There is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crowdsourcing_projects" target="_blank">‘List of Crowdsourcing Projects’</a> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">in Wikipedia (which is separate to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdsourcing" target="_blank">main article on crowdsourcing</a>). </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This is a useful starting point to get an overview of the sorts of activities going on. It goes without saying that Wikipedia is of course the greatest crowdsourcing project ever!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In this post I wanted to mention some newish crowdsourcing projects that I have been looking at</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">that interest me, and that I haven’t written about before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://starwarsuncut.com/" target="_blank">Star Wars Uncut</a> (SWU)</span></b><span style="color: #548dd4; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Released August 2011</span><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">About the project</span></i></b><b><i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></i></b></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In 2009,<span style="color: #333333;"> </span>Casey Pugh a web developer asked thousands of Internet users to remake "Star Wars: A New Hope" into a fan film, 15 seconds at a time. Contributors were allowed to recreate scenes from Star Wars however they wanted. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Multiple submissions were submitted for each scene, and votes were held to determine which ones would be added to the final film. Although the scenes reflect the dialogue and imagery of the original film, each scene is created in a separate distinct style, such as live-action, animation and stop-motion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within just a few months SWU grew into a wild success. The creativity that poured into the project was unimaginable. SWU has been featured in documentaries, news features and conferences around the world for its unique appeal. In 2010 it won a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Creative Achievement in Interactive Media. Now the crowdsourced project has been stitched together and put online in YouTube and Vimeo. The "Director's Cut" is a feature-length film that contains hand-picked scenes from the entire StarWarsUncut.com collection. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Relevance for libraries and archives:</span></i></b><b><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the world of film, TV and radio fans and consumers are the subject experts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They not only have in-depth knowledge, but also have the motivation and interest to share their knowledge with others in creative ways. This project really shows that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fans apparently had no trouble identifying specific seconds in a very long film.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This type of knowledge and interest is really useful for librarians and archivists when you want to open up discovery of audio items.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is much more likely that a fan will know which series, episode, minute and second a subject came up, or a thing was said than the librarian who created the catalogue record. The knowledge could be used to help with the discovery process. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the moment most audio is still catalogued and described at item level for example “it’s an interview with x”. It is still a costly and difficult process to convert speech from audio into text, and to manually add subject tags.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of our historic audio collections do not have this level of discoverability. A crowdsourcing project which taps into the crowd to help make films more discoverable by use of public tags is <a href="http://www.museumsandtheweb.com/nominee/waisda_video_labeling_game" target="_blank">‘Waisda’</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> We know that the public like to consume by watching and listening, but they also want to create and share. There is potential for crowdsourcing to improve accessibility of historic digitised audio especially that which has a fan base or is iconic. </span></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/7ezeYJUz-84?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://menus.nypl.org/" target="_blank">What’s on the Menu</a> (New York Public Library) </span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Launched April 2011.</span></span></div>
<b><i><span lang="EN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">About the project:</span></i></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With approximately 40,000 menus dating from the 1840s to the present, The New York Public Library’s restaurant menu collection is one of the largest in the world, used by historians, chefs, novelists and everyday food enthusiasts. But the menus cannot be searched for specific information about the dishes and prices. To solve this problem the NYPL is appealing for the public to transcribe the menus, dish by dish. Doing this will enable the collection to be accessed and researched in new ways, opening the door to new kinds of discoveries. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The site was launched in late April 2011 and the original aim was to transcribe the 9,000 menus photographed several years before for inclusion in the <a href="http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/index.cfm" target="_blank">NYPL Digital Gallery</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Volunteers transcribed all of these in the first three months, so more items have been scanned from the collection and are now awaiting transcription. As of 5 February 2012, there have been <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">758,748</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">dishes</span></strong> transcribed from <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">12,167 menus</span></strong><b>. </b>The ultimate goal is to get the whole collection transcribed and to turn it into a powerful research tool. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NYPL are also looking into partnering with other libraries and archives with menu collections.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Researchers who use the collection for example historians, chefs, nutritional scientists, and novelists, are looking for a juicy period detail. They often have very specific questions they’re trying to answer for example: </span><br />
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Where were oysters served in 19<sup>th</sup> century New York and how did their varieties and cost change over time?”</span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“When did apple pie first appear on a menu? What about pizza?” </span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“What was the price of a cup of coffee in 1907?”</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To find out these sorts of things more easily, the text on the cards needs to be transcribed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quotes on their website about the usefulness of the project:</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rich Torrisi, New York Chef: </span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“<i>What’s on the Menu</i> is a tremendous educational resource that breathes life into our city’s most beloved restaurants and dishes. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been an indispensable and hugely inspirational tool in the ongoing development of my restaurant…”</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mario Batali, New York Chef, Author, Entrepreneur: </span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Menu writing is an art form seldom appreciated, In our restaurants, we put an incredible amount of time and thought into crafting menus. It’s remarkable to see menus being preserved and documented, for them to become a resource for future chefs, sociologists, historians and everyone who loves food. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not just <i>What’s on the Menu</i>, it reveals so much more.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Relevance for libraries and archives:</span></i></b><i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Libraries love to collect and keep stuff and that includes things like menu’s, tickets, pamphlets, posters, invitations, theatre programs and greeting cards. We call this stuff ‘ephemera’. Ephemera is a Greek word and it means printed matter that it is intended to be transitory, short lived, or only last a day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the item is created it is not intended that it will be retained or preserved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However I haven’t encountered a single library that did not have a large ‘ephemera’ collection and intend to keep it long-term. The National Library of Australia is no exception and collects ephemera because it is “a record of Australian life and social customs, popular culture, national events, and issues of national concern”. There are 2.3 million items of <a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/what-we-collect/ephemera" target="_blank">ephemera in the collection at the NLA</a>. Nearly 170,000 of them have been digitised and are <a href="http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Search/Home?lookfor=ephemera+material+collected+by+the+national+library+of+australia&type=all&limits&filter[]=access_type:%22NLA%20digitised%20material%22" target="_blank">browsable by title. </a></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">However their full potential has still not been unlocked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ephemera is printed on a few pages which usually contain both words and pictures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When ephemera is digitised it is scanned or photographed as an image file, and therefore the text is not indexed or searchable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would be very hard to apply OCR on the text because of the varying and usually fancy typefaces used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only way to make the text searchable, thereby unlocking the full discoverability potential is to manually transcribe it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Librarians don’t have time for this, but an interested public do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Give them a really interesting or topical ephemera collection like the menu cards and watch them go! </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.historypin.com/" target="_blank">Historypin</a> </span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Launched July 2011</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">About the project:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Historypin was launched in July 2011.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It allows people to upload historic and contemporary photos, videos and sounds to a specific geo location on a map of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well it’s actually not just any map, it’s a Google map and this is likely to make all the difference. It’s a combination of a crowdsourcing project (they want organisations and individuals to load content), a useful educational site, and a service that libraries and archives can hook into to expose their content and collections to new audiences (similar to Flickr Commons).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve seen quite a few sites like this before, but on a small scale for specific locations. For example <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/innovation/sidetracks/default.htm" target="_blank">Sydney Sidetracks</a><span style="color: #333333;"> </span>was launched in 2008 by the ABC in partnership with The Dictionary of Sydney, The National Film and Sound Archive, The City of Sydney, The Powerhouse Museum, The State Library of New South Wales and the Museum of Contemporary Art. There is a website and mobile app from which historic images, videos and sound are available for locations in central Sydney overlaid on a map. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The big difference with Historypin is that it has been developed by <a href="http://wearewhatwedo.org/" target="_blank">‘We Are What We Do’</a></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,( a not for profit organisation that creates ways for millions of people to do more small, good things) in partnership with Google. Google is the main technology partner on the project and has helped with Google tools, including Google Maps, Google Street View, Picasa, Google App Engine and Android. Google has supported the development costs of the project with donations and sponsorship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has also given marketing support and created the video to promote the service:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://youtu.be/FdT3eKdto4w" target="_blank">a one minute introduction to Historypin.</a> This means this is not some small scale project that may suffer from lack of budget, development, maintenance or marketing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is something likely to be around for a while and perhaps rival Flickr Commons. Google says <i>“We share ‘We Are What We Do’s commitment to Historypin as a non-commercial, collaborative project that delivers social impact and contributes to digital inclusion.”</i></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The marketing blurb says <i>“Historypin is a way for millions of people to come together, from across different generations, cultures and places, to share small glimpses of the past and to build up the huge story of human history through a well-known medium - picture.”</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Relevance for libraries and archives: </span></i></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Interestingly although the initial crowd Historypin were trying to attract was the public to contribute their photos and stories, it now appears that the crowd may actually be the libraries and archives community. This community has massive amounts of digitised content in image, video and sound format, and they want it more widely exposed, tagged, and used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A service in which libraries and archives can do this, which they don’t have to develop and support themselves, and has no geographical boundaries is certainly a drawcard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Batch upload has already been enabled, as has ‘make your own collection’ and ‘view slideshow’. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can pin your content on any Google Street View scene, in any country of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you happen to be somewhere that Street View hasn’t yet been – don’t worry you can still pin your content down. It is a service that will be more valuable the more content there is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I only wonder if they have under-estimated the interest that libraries and archives will have in joining, and the volume of content they will have.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If so it is advisable to get in early in case there is a three year waiting list like Flickr Commons had when it started. This is a crowdsourcing project that has a direct relevance to libraries and archives, no matter what their size or where they are located.</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">TEDx video: Nick Stanhope on mapping history<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://ancientlives.org/" target="_blank">Ancient Lives</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– Decoding Papyri </span></b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Launched July 2011</span><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">About the project:</span></i></b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The Ancient Lives project presents you with fragments of 1,000-year-old papyri to decode. The papyrus was discovered by researchers from Oxford University over a century ago in Oxyrhynchus (the city of the long-nosed fish). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">With about 100 men from the local village, Grenfell and Hunt dug in the high winds roaring across the desert. In early January of 1897 a papyrus containing the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas was unearthed, and then a fragment of St. Matthew’s Gospel. The flow of papyri began. Within a few years not only Thucydides and Plato were delicately pulled from the sand, but also Greek lyric poetry that had not been seen or read in about 1000 years. Further, the private documents of this vanished city were collected en masse: private letters, accounts, wills, marriage certificates, land leases, etc. Ancient garbage became a modern treasure. By 1907 the digging ceased. 700 boxes of papyri, potentially carrying about 500,000 fragments, made the long journey back to Oxford University, where Grenfell and Hunt opened up a new branch of study: papyrology. A little over a century later, only a small percentage has been translated by scholars. The Oxyrhynchus collection is owned and overseen by the Egypt Exploration Society.”<span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The papyrus can be decoded easily by volunteers who match known characters from a grid to the unknown characters on the fragment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fragments can be matched by adding measurements of the fragments and the columns within them. The task is mammoth and before the arrival of the online tool could only be undertaken by scholars who were familiar with the code. A very difficult task has been effectively simplified, whilst retaining the challenge that is found in crosswords or code-breaking.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The project was launched in July 2011 and is part of the t</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">he Citizen Science Alliance, which is a transatlantic collaboration of universities and museums who are dedicated to involving everyone in the process of science. Growing out of the wildly successful <a href="http://www.galaxyzoo.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Galaxy Zoo</span></a> project, it builds and maintains the <a href="https://www.zooniverse.org/" target="_blank">Zooniverse network</a> of crowdsourcing projects, of which Ancient Lives is one of the newest. Nearly half a million people are contributing to the Zooniverse crowdsourcing projects. <span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Relevance for libraries and archives:</span></i></b><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is a good example of a task that appears on the surface to be too difficult and extensive for a crowd to undertake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By clever breaking down of the task and designing a simple user interface it becomes achievable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also demonstrates that private information about people is of eternal interest to the public. This project along with all the other Zooniverse projects has extensive public discussion forums to firstly foster the volunteer community and secondly let them know how their work helps new discoveries and knowledge grow and develop. We can learn much from how Zooniverse treats its volunteer community. </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1073039932"> </a></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://duolingo.com/" target="_blank">Duolingo</a> -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>translate the web and learn a new language </span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Launched November 2011</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">About the project: </span></i></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Luis Von Ahn of the Carnegie Mellon University is the creator of CAPTCHA and reCAPTCHA. Google bought both and reCAPTCHA has effectively helped Google Books improve the OCR in its digitised books word by word. Each year 750 million people are unwittingly converting the equivalent of 2.5 million books by using reCAPTCHA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a crowdsourcing project where people don’t realise they are in a crowd or what they are doing. Luis is now working on a new project: Duolingo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Luis says <i>“Before the internet the biggest projects had 100,000 people involved and with that you could for example put a man on the moon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My question is what can you achieve with the internet when you can have 100 million people working together on something?”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A good question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Especially when you combine the number of people with all that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Surplus" target="_blank">‘cognitive surplus’</a> that Clay Shirky is always talking about.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Duolingo will help people learn a new language and simultaneously (unwittingly) translate the Web.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He says “</span><i><span lang="EN" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is estimated that there are over 1 billion people learning a foreign language at any given time”. </span></i><span lang="EN" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">OK so this means a big potential crowd. The Google translator tool is quite good at translating websites but not as good as he thinks the new project Duolingo will be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The site went live in beta mode in November 2011, but only a few road testers have been accepted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is a waiting list of 100,000 who want to join the site already. Luis says “<i>Duolingo is a 100% free language learning site in which people learn by helping to translate the Web. That is, they learn by doing.</i>” The difference to reCAPTCHA is that people will know what they are doing and consciously want to do it. Watch this space. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><span style="color: #0070c0; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Relevance for libraries and archives:</span></i></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> I’m not sure what the relevance for libraries and archives will be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although reCAPTCHA is a free program that is obviously very relevant for libraries and archives it has only been utilised by commercial companies so far, namely the New York Times historic newspaper archive and Google Books. No library has utilised it. I thought I should mention the new project Duolingo since the potential also seems big.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s a good idea to translate the web, but I also like the idea of something Luis didn’t mention which is translating books and newspapers into different languages. A question that the National Library of Australia was thinking about last week was “will our volunteer newspaper text correctors be as keen to correct Australian newspapers in foreign languages as they are the English ones? Will they correct them even if they don’t speak the language?” We are asking this because we will soon be adding Australian newspapers in foreign languages to <a href="http://trove.nla/gov.au" target="_blank">Trove</a>. If this content is classed as ‘part of the web waiting to be translated’, then I guess Duolingo holds big relevance for all national libraries. Duolingo is at an early stage of development so we will have to wait and see. That is unless libraries want to be really pro-active and actually make suggestions to the development team for things that would help them make their content more widely accessible and used……</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The TEDx video:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Luis talking on CAPTCHA, reCAPTCHA and Duo-lingo</span></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/cQl6jUjFjp4?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">I hope you find some inspiration from these five crowdsourcing sites for your library, archive or museum. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If there is a newish site of relevance to libraries and archives that you think I’ve missed please add a comment to this post and share. Crowdsourcing sites I have previously reviewed are:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.pictureaustralia.org/" target="_blank">Picture Australia</a> (National Library of Australia) </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.familysearchindexing.org/home.jsf" target="_blank">FamilySearchIndexing </a>(Church of Latter Day Saints) </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.pgdp.net/c" target="_blank">Distributed Proofreaders</a> (contributes to Project Gutenberg) </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1073039969"> </a></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="IT" style="mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.wikipedia.org/" target="_blank">Wikipedia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="IT" style="mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://mps-expenses.guardian.co.uk/" target="_blank">UK MP's Expenses</a> (The Guardian) </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.galaxyzoo.org/" target="_blank">Galaxy Zoo</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Citizen Science Alliance) </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1073039987"> </a></span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar" target="_blank">BBC WorldWar2</a> Peoples War (BBC) </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span style="color: #393736; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.dish2011.nl/news/nominee-digitalkoot" target="_blank">Digitalkoot</a> (National Library of Finland) </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #393736; font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.dish2011.nl/news/nominee-old-weather" target="_blank">Old Weather</a> (National Maritime Museum and Citizen Science Alliance)<span style="color: #393736;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #393736;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #393736; font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1073040005"> </a></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.dish2011.nl/news/remember-me" target="_blank">Remember Me:</a> Displaced Children of the Holocaust (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum)<span style="color: #393736;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #393736;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #393736; font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.dish2011.nl/news/nominee-trove" target="_blank">Trove Australian Newspapers</a> (National Library of Australia)<span style="color: #393736;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #393736;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #393736; font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.dish2011.nl/news/transcribe-bentham" target="_blank">Transcribe Bentham</a> (University College of London)<span style="color: #393736;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #393736;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1073040023"> </a></span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.museumsandtheweb.com/nominee/waisda_video_labeling_game" target="_blank">Waisda</a> (Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision) </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong><em>Read more - related posts by Rose Holley on crowdsourcing:</em></strong></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1073040029"> </a></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com.au/2011/12/from-little-things-big-things-grow-gold.html" target="_blank">Gold star to text correctors for e-books</a>, 13 December 2011</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com.au/2011/12/software-for-journal-and-newspaper-text.html" target="_blank">Software for journal and newspaper text correction</a>, 18 December 2011</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://rose-holley.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/digital-cultural-heritage-awards-for.html" target="_blank">Digital cultural heritage awards for crowdsourcing</a>, 4 February 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In March 2011 images of the digitised Australian Women's Weekly 1932- 1984 were projected onto the National Library of Australia building as part of the ‘Enlighten’ Festival in Canberra. Nearly 395,000 articles from the <a href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/search?adv=y" target="_blank">Australian Women's Weekly can be improved by public text correction in Trove</a>. Photograph by Paul Hagon.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6tkDqx7NdWAmQvy_frBecOa5nB_JcAsnYvkrErZ2nayVsLsWGpQC_331972osh4j5bxaXiSTU0QRc9x36g8YAQprKVd18ByyuszCGVIsfm4XsOaJSJHn5dZeSa03dg-pOFQ5oFWmV8kIf/s1600/AWW+on+NLA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6tkDqx7NdWAmQvy_frBecOa5nB_JcAsnYvkrErZ2nayVsLsWGpQC_331972osh4j5bxaXiSTU0QRc9x36g8YAQprKVd18ByyuszCGVIsfm4XsOaJSJHn5dZeSa03dg-pOFQ5oFWmV8kIf/s400/AWW+on+NLA.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Rose Holley - Digital Library Specialisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14815485499572077644noreply@blogger.com4